Fate Enterprises,inc notebook

The Fate Enterprises,Inc Notebook.

Nathaniel Fate,Senior.

Fate Investigation,Inc.is an organization,that acts as a private detective service and trouble shooting operations,that take cases that are to big for the usual proper authorities to be able to handle..It is also known as Fate Investigations Crime College,the mainly run by certain members of Fate Enterprises,Inc.as a means to study the criminal mind and investigate criminal activities around the world. There are two New York locations,One within an old series of warehouses near the Hudson River,with the sign reading Fate Enterprises,Inc.Building Tomorrow Today upon it,in big golden letters and another is found outside the city of Manhattan,in upstate New York. The Upstate Crime College is basically an old refurbished hospital,that is to mostly used a holding place for the criminally insane inmates and treat their mental illnesses,but underneath witin its Time Vault underground,it has a similar crime investigation labs,just like all the other locations. The Hudson River warehouse has stood there in the 1880s and found by Stephen Alexander Fate.the third.The warehouses mostly store imports and exports from the old Fate Merchant shipping operations,but a few of the old administration building s,that built upon a type 13 Time Vault Bunker,features the actual location s of the New York City branches of Fare Investigations,Inc. Fate Investigations uses various Fate Hotels,to be reserved as apartments for members of Fate Enterprises,Inc.from time to time over the vast decades of operations by the fantastic Fate Families and their assistant employees.Some of the Fate Motels,said to be one of the better types of this kind establishments,is often used as Doomwatch safes houses,to safeguard witnesses and other such captives,who the criminal underworld would do harm. Sometimes these hotels,motels and houses,are also used as hidden headquarters for Fate Enterprises operations.Practically,every Fate property is build upon a time vault -many linked to the world's subterranean shuttle transit systems,located about the free world.The watch maintains service stations and garages,to service vehicles and airships,when the sub shuttle systems is damaged or not useful for certain mission operations.These are also used as communications access points for Fates and associates, during Fate Investigation operations.The points can be used either to communicate with someone or be used to locate some by triangulation of com system signals and tracker. The style of much of the equipment,used by Fate Enterprises seems be a sort of mixture of Atomic Punk,Diesel Punk and Steam Punk,much of Fates 21st and 22nd Century is mixture of 1880s,1920s s,1930s s,1940s,1950s and so on.Nothing looks all Star Trek or Star Wars futuristic,as designers have made things look like stuff from other previous eras.This way,sometimes things just looks like stuff the pulp era and not popular T.V. series and movie series era imitation. The Time Vaults below the various upper floor s sub basements,also have levels -several in fact dedicated to holding prison inmates.The Time Vault detention center is a maximum security center,that can hold any inmate with super strong prison bars,made of transparent Atlantium Steel,re-enforced Cold Plasma Deflector Shielding and equipped with personal cell by cell identification detection alarms.

{{Marvel Database:Organization Template Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate, Big Brother, The Shield
 * Title = S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * Image = SHIELD.png
 * ImageText = S.H.I.E.L.D. Logo
 * OfficialName = Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division
 * Aliases = Supreme Headquarters International Espionage Law-enforcement Division;
 * Distinguish1 = SHIELD


 * Status = Defunct
 * Identity = Public
 * Universe = Earth-616
 * BaseOfOperations = Formerly S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier


 * OrganizationLeaders = Formerly Captain America, Commander Sharon Carter, Director Maria Hill, Daisy Johnson, Tony Stark, G.W. Bridge, Nick Fury, Dum Dum Dugan, Valentina de la Fontaine, Rick Stoner
 * CurrentMembers =


 * FormerMembers = Agent 22, Agent 33, Adam, Agent Adsit, Ant-Man (Chris McCarthy), Arabian Knight, Balaban, Black Widow (Yelena Belova), Black Widow, Abigail Brand, Joseph Bricklemoore, Josephine Bricklemoore,G.W. Bridge, Captain America (Steve Rogers), Captain America (Sam Wilson), Captain Marvel, Jenna Carlisle, Stan Carter, Agent Carstairs, Agent Cheesecake, Agent Colletti, Agent Crimson, Agent Davis, Agent Dazzler, "Agent Dazzler", Deathlok, Agent Deems, Alex DePaul, Diamondback, Elektra, Agent Farrell, Contessa Valentina Allegra de la Fontaine, Nick Fury, Gaffer, John Garrett, Detective Harry Givens, Agent Gomez, Agent Gorman, Ludlow Grimes, Victoria Hand, Hawkeye, Maria Hill, Agent Hook, Hulk, Invisible Woman, Iron Patriot, Jack Flag, Dr. Randall Jessup, Gabe Jones, Sheva Joseph, Dr. Sal Kennedy, Key, Eric Koenig, Paul Kraye, Agent L, Dr. Melinda Leucenstern,Agent Lindsay, Beck Lockhart, Ellis Love, Agent M, M-80, Agent Madrox, Magneto, Dr. Derek Malloy, Special Agent Marquez, Tony Masters, Agent McAllister, Chastity McBryde, M.O.D.O.K., Moonstar, Alisande Morales, Network Nina, Jack Norriss, Nicole Orr, Override, Agent Owen, Richard Parker, Mary Fitzpatrick-Parker, Joaquin Pennysworth, Arthur Perry, Alexander Pierce, Clay Quartermain, Redeemer, R.O.B., Scorpion, Doctor Selvig, Sentry, Shadowcat, She-Hulk, Agent Simon, Skids, Spider-Woman, Tony Stark, Rick Stoner, Detective Bev Sykes, Agent Tiger, Tigra, Jack Truman, Dr. Daman Veteri, Kali Vries, Agent Waynesboro, Whisperer, Agent Whitman, Agent Whitaker, Nance Winters, Dr. Patricia Wolman, Wolverine, Wonder Man, Annie Wong, Jimmy Woo, Jebediah Young, Blur, Agent Bradley, Captain Koenig, Commander Sharon Carter, Mockingbird, Chief Chang, Agent Coulson, Charles Dalton, Grant Ward, Deathlok, Druid, Dum-Dum Dugan, Agent Fitz, Free Spirit, Agent Garza, Glyph, Agent Goldman, Major Hauer, Agent Hayes, Hit-Monkey, Agent Hope, Human Torch, Manphibian, Man-Thing, Agent Mason, Agent May, Nick Fury, Jr, Jake Oh, Agent Preston, Quake, Quasar, Silk, Agent Simmons, Jasper Sitwell, Agent Solomon, Teen Abomination, Thing, Vampire by Night, Agent Vaughn, Agent Warrick, Warwolf
 * Allies = Formerly Avengers, Godzilla Squad, Fantastic Four, Parker Industries, United Nations
 * Enemies = Hydra, A.I.M., Zodiac, Purifiers, Masters of Evil, Maggia, Extinction X-Men, Department X, Leviathan, Hand, Secret Empire, H.A.M.M.E.R, R.A.I.D, Mutant Liberation Front Blitzkrieg Squad, Leviathan, Assault and Battery, Knights of Hykon, Wakers, Quintronic Man, D.A.N.T.E, Black Cat's Gang, Runaways, Squadron Supreme, Illuminati, Thunderbolts, Iron Man (Victor von Doom)


 * Origin = Formed to keep the peace and order of the world
 * PlaceOfFormation =
 * PlaceOfDefunction =
 * Creators = Stan Lee; Jack Kirby
 * First = Strange Tales Vol 1 135
 * Last = Marvel Legacy Vol 1 1


 * HistoryText =

Overview
S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division) is an international peacekeeping, law enforcement, and counter-terrorism agency sanctioned by the United Nations. They are lead by a director who reports to the World Security Council made up of members from various nations. Founded to combat technologically advanced threats on world security (specifically the menace of Hydra). Throughout the years, they remained on the front lines fighting terrorism and extraterrestrial menaces as an international intelligence agency.

Origin


In its original incarnation, S.H.I.E.L.D. stood for 'Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage, Law-enforcement Division', and was a branch of the United States government. Veteran spy and soldier Colonel Nick Fury had set out plans for the organization at some point after World War II, but decided not to act since he felt the U.S. government would deny such a request.

A United Nations-based international group somehow obtained the plans, and presented them to the U.S. government as a viable countermeasure against the nascent threat of Hydra. S.H.I.E.L.D. was subsequently formed without Fury's knowledge.

Fury first realized that his brainchild had been made reality when he was approached by the founders of the group to act as S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Public Director, as his predecessor Rick Stoner had met an untimely end. While Fury acted as the operational head of the agency, he answered to these founders, the Executive Board, whose identities were hidden even from him. Otherwise, Fury was the highest ranking agent in an eight-rank tier. Some suspect that Tony Stark, billionaire playboy and the superheroic Iron Man, may have been one of the Board.

As director, Colonel Fury took a very active hand in S.H.I.E.L.D. operations, often going into the field himself on their most important missions. Supporting him, aside from the thousands of rank-and-file S.H.I.E.L.D. agents working around the world, were a core group of capable officers. Fury's aide-de-camp was the man who had filled the same function for his Howling Commandos in World War II, the boisterous Timothy 'Dum Dum' Dugan. Another ex-Howler joined S.H.I.E.L.D. in the person of Gabe Jones, whose presence had made the Howlers the Army's first racially integrated unit. There was also the by-the-books Jasper Sitwell, who balanced and sometimes clashed with the more emotional members of the command staff. The brilliant Sidney 'The Gaffer' Levine acted as head of Research & Development, designing many high-tech specialty gadgets to supplement the weapons and vehicles provided by Stark Enterprises. Later, Laura Brown, the daughter of the Imperial Hydra, defected from Hydra to join S.H.I.E.L.D.. Jimmy Woo, hero of clashes with the villainous Yellow Claw, served as S.H.I.E.L.D.'s FBI liaison agent. Clay Quartermain was a resident 'pretty boy' super-agent. La Contessa Valentina Allegra de Fontaine ('Val' to her friends), a member of the European jet-set, proved to be equally skilled, as well as one of Fury's lovers. Another prominent member was Sharon Carter (Agent 13), a frequent partner and eventual lover of Captain America.

The equipment of S.H.I.E.L.D. has always been at least as distinctive as its membership. A series of flying fortresses invariably known as the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier served as the mobile headquarters of the organization. Other vehicles such as hoverfliers, flying cars and tunneling vehicles rounded out S.H.I.E.L.D.'s vehicle complement. Agents carried a variety of personal gear as well. Fury's weapon of choice was a 300-round .15 caliber pistol specially designed to fire explosive-tipped needles. Tear gas boutonnieres, explosive shirts, rear-view periscope hats, camera-phone watches, jetpacks, cigars laced with various chemical compounds (including flash bombs), and other tools of the spy trade insured that S.H.I.E.L.D. agents always had access to the right equipment. One of the most distinctive inventions of The Gaffer was the Life-Model Decoy (LMD), an extremely lifelike android designed to emulate the behavior of a specific individual, usually used to replace someone in danger of being killed. During the Cold War S.H.I.E.L.D. also maintained a large headquarters in New York City, as well as other bases in every major city in the Western world, and hidden outposts in many Communist countries.

Various specialized teams of agents have been utilized, such as the Psi Division and Super Agents. At one time, S.H.I.E.L.D. had command over an incarnation of the Hulkbusters. Throughout the years, S.H.I.E.L.D. agents have left the service to perform acts both heroic and villainous. Some went rogue, such as Mentallo, becoming threats to society. Others, like Quasar, joined the superhero community. Since the early days, S.H.I.E.L.D., through Fury, has maintained close ties to groups like the Avengers and Fantastic Four, and with individuals like Captain America, Black Widow (Natasha Romanoff), and Wolverine, ensuring that a capable and varied pool of special operatives were readily available. That said, S.H.I.E.L.D. often came into conflict with members of the superhero community who worked through less than legal means or against government aims. Fury's friendships with many superheroes conflicted with his duties in these cases.

Exploits
S.H.I.E.L.D.'s main enemy, Hydra, continued to be a threat throughout Nick Fury's first years as director. It became apparent that Fury's old wartime foe, Baron von Strucker, had become the new Supreme Hydra, with plans to to menace the world with a deadly biological weapon. Fury took the fight to the enemy stronghold, Hydra Island, turning this weapon on its makers.

When Godzilla was freely roaming the earth, a task force under Dum Dum Dugan's command, the Godzilla Squad, set forth to capture him. They used a smaller version of the Helicarrier called the Behemoth, as well as a giant robot called Red Ronin, before Godzilla disappeared into the Atlantic.

Another great threat was formed as a result of a lapse in S.H.I.E.L.D. security, when the supervillain Scorpio, actually Fury's brother Jake, stole the LMD technology to create the second team of villains called the Zodiac.

The first dismantling of S.H.I.E.L.D. occurred in the wake of a wide-scale infiltration of the agency, again involving LMDs. In this case, a group of LMDs attained sentience, infiltrating both S.H.I.E.L.D. and Hydra, replacing key members of both before being defeated by Fury and an impromptu force of allies.

The reorganized S.H.I.E.L.D. was backed by the United Nations, with the acronym now standing for 'Strategic Hazard Intervention, Espionage and Logistics Directorate'. Shortly after, Baron Strucker, long thought to have died on Hydra Island, returned as the new head of Hydra and the organizations again clashed. The new organization had some internal structural changes, with the eight-rank system being replaced by a ten-rank one. Also, there existed "Full Champion License", a rarely-awarded accolade known to be held by Captain America, whereby the holder has authority to assemble any team they sees fit for any mission they see fit. This was the legal basis for the formation of the New Avengers.

In the wake of Nick Fury's Secret War in Latveria, he was removed from the directorship and forced into hiding. His replacement was not one of his close associates in the high ranks, but a newcomer, Commander Maria Hill. Her appointment by the U.S. president was meant to ensure S.H.I.E.L.D. bias towards American interests, and her lack of connection to the superhero community was meant to keep S.H.I.E.L.D. from aiding them. This came to the fore when S.H.I.E.L.D. units nicknamed 'Cape-Killers' were tasked with enforcing the Superhuman Registration Act. Just prior to the Civil War, Captain America estimated that there were 3,000 S.H.I.E.L.D. agents on active duty.

Towards the end of that conflict, Commander Hill decided that she had been made Executive Director so that she would fail. She proposed that Tony Stark take the job, with her as deputy director. After the victory of his Pro-Registration superhero unit, he accepted the appointment. Stark undertook a series of initiatives, including the construction of a new gold-and-red Helicarrier in the motif of his Iron Man designs, the introduction of a daycare center in the Helicarrier, and an employee suggestion-box. While accused of treating S.H.I.E.L.D. as a Stark Industries subsidiary, he succeeded in streamlining the organization and raising morale.

S.H.I.E.L.D. fought a wave of global superhuman terrorism under Stark's command, but was manipulated into two international incidents that almost saw Stark arrested, until it was revealed that Mandarin was behind the smear and was stopped from committing genocide with an Extremis pathogen.

H.A.M.M.E.R.
At the start of the Secret Invasion by the extraterrestrial shape-shifting Skrulls, the Helicarrier was disabled by a Skrull virus and left floating and disabled in the Bermuda Triangle. By this point the Skrulls had already replaced a large number of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents, including the high-ranking 'Dum-Dum' Dugan. After the invasion was repelled (thanks in part to Nick Fury and his Secret Warriors), the President of the United States decided to dissolve S.H.I.E.L.D., and had it, the 50 States Initiative, the Avengers, the Thunderbolts Initiative put under the authority of the public hero of the invasion: Norman Osborn, head of OsCorp and the original Green Goblin.

Osborn used the opportunity to transform S.H.I.E.L.D. into 'H.A.M.M.E.R.' and seemingly disbanded the Thunderbolts. In reality he turned the latest Thunderbolts into a black-ops force to do his dirty work. He also founded the newest government-sponsored Avengers team, colloquially known as the Dark Avengers. Finally, he set up a Cabal formed by some of the most powerful beings on Earth, including himself, Namor the Sub-Mariner, Doctor Doom, Emma Frost, Loki and the Hood.



After the Siege
Following the Siege of Asgard and the revelation of Osborn's insanity, the U.S. government disbanded H.A.M.M.E.R. Although Steve Rogers, now installed in Osborn's position by the U.S. president, had the opportunity of rebuilding S.H.I.E.L.D., he decided to instead rely solely on his shadow ops task force, the Secret Avengers.

Reinstatement
After the return of Norman Osborn and H.A.M.M.E.R., Steve Rogers rebuilt S.H.I.E.L.D. from the ground up with agents who could be trusted, building a new Helicarrier and giving Daisy Johnson directorship. The new S.H.I.E.L.D. subsequently saved U.S. Army Ranger Marcus Johnson from mercenaries hired by the Leviathan, and when he discovered he was the son of Nick Fury, he and his army friend Phil Coulson joined the storied security agency.

One of the first measures of the new S.H.I.E.L.D. against the appearance of new super-human threats was to create their own Avengers unit.

After director Daisy Johnson broke the protocols by sending the Secret Avengers to kill A.I.M. leader Andrew Forson, Quake was suspended indefinitely and Maria Hill was put in charge of S.H.I.E.L.D. once more.



Time Runs Out
Eight months into the future, S.H.I.E.L.D. had taken over the Avengers and was helping them hunt down the Illuminati to make the organization answer for destroying incursive worlds, which endangered the safety of Earth as a consequence of the multiversal phenomena known as incursions.

After locating the Illuminati in Spain, S.H.I.E.L.D. sent in the Avengers to capture its members. However, this was a trap set by the Illuminati, who attempted to subdue the Avengers with help from Sunspot's Avengers. S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Avengers and Illuminati eventually agreed to a truce and work together to find a way to stop the incursions.

S.H.I.E.L.D. Act and Dissolution
Following the end of the incursion crisis and the resurgence of Hydra, marked by its employ of guerrilla tactics to create a climate of fear and anxiety through the United States and Europe, Captain America and Sharon Carter proposed to the U.S. Senate Select Committee the creation of a bill known as the S.H.I.E.L.D. Act. Unbeknownst to anybody, at this point Captain America had been secretly supplanted by a fascist version of himself from an alternate timeline that acted as a sleeper agent for Hydra.

Once the bill was signed into law with bipartisan support in Congress, it drastically expanded S.H.I.E.L.D.'s authority within the United States in areas concerned with law enforcement, mass surveillance, and resource allocation, even allowing the organization to become the de facto "top cop" in an event of a national state of emergency. The passing of the S.H.I.E.L.D. Act coincided with the reinstatement of Captain America as director of S.H.I.E.L.D. after Maria Hill faced trial and was found guilty for the events that occurred in the secret superhuman prison known as Pleasant Hill, which led to her deposition.

This fascist Captain America subsequently manipulated the events behind three crises that hit the world at the same time: a Chitauri invasion, the Army of Evil's attack on Manhattan, and Hydra's uprising in Sokovia. The escalation of these events put into action S.H.I.E.L.D.'s new powers, and control of the United States was handed over to him. Using hypnotist Doctor Faustus, Hydra took over an entire S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, whose forces combined with Hydra took over the entirety of the organization. As Captain America conquered the United States, all of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s resources were essentially absorbed by Hydra. After the fall of Hydra's empire, what remained of S.H.I.E.L.D. was effectively dissolved, though for a brief period of time they continued to guard black sites prisons, while transferring prisoners, as well as turning over numerous artifacts to the U.S. Army.


 * Equipment = Various including: A.N.C., Beta-cloth, kevlar body armor, jetpacks, teleporter, psi-blocker, Hover Discs, Neutro-Mist, Uni-Lens Battle Armor.


 * Transportation = S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, various flying cars, floaters, hoverfliers, S.H.I.E.L.D. Shuttle, Skimmer, Sky-Destroyer, the Cradle, conventional automobiles, boats and aircraft.
 * Weapons = Plasma pistols, needler pistols, various conventional firearms (.30 caliber machine pistol standard issue.)

Recommended Reading

 * Strange Tales Vol 1 nos. 135-168, 1965-1968
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Vol 1 nos. 1-15, 1968-1969
 * Avengers Vol 1 72, 1970
 * Nick Fury vs. S.H.I.E.L.D. Vol 1 (6-part miniseries), 1988
 * Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Vol 3 nos. 1-37, 1989-1992
 * Fury Vol 1 (Oneshot issue)
 * Hulk Comic (UK) Vol 1 #1-19
 * Godzilla Vol 1

Related Articles

 * Nick Fury
 * Hydra
 * S.W.O.R.D.
 * S.T.R.I.K.E

The Baxter Building is a fictitious 35-story office building appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The building is depicted in Manhattan, and its five upper floors house the Fantastic Four's headquarters. </ref Marvel Mastercard ® Join Marvel Insider! SIGN IN LATEST NEWS COMICS MOVIES VIDEOS GAMES TV CHARACTERS SHOP CREATE ACCOUNT OR SIGN IN FACEBOOK GOOGLE OR SIGN IN WITH USER NAME Wiki User Tools:Help View Page Source Vault show/hide article toolspage tools Universe Marvel Universe
 * Notes =
 * Trivia =
 * Links =

Location A secret location in the Rocky Mountain range in Colorado

Builder/Designer Various designers and builders, including Forge

Owner U.S. government

Points of Interest Inapplicable

Features Separate security towers and administration building; main citadel (security staging areas, administrative offices); self-contained cells in subterranean levels, each cell has reconfigurable walls for differentiated accomodation; isolation pit/cells; self-contained nuclear power facility

First Appearance Avengers Annual #15 (1986)

Significant Issues Several years ago, the United States tried to solve the problem of incarcerating superhuman criminals by creating the maximum security prison termed “the Vault.” It had many advantages over more conventional prisons, as it contained multiple subterranean levels, was constructed from near-impervious materials such as either AdamantiumAdamantium or omnium steel, and used various power-dampening devices. An additional factor in the Vault’s early success was the fact that its location, deep within the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, was kept top secret from all but the most necessary personnel and government officials.

All 35 of the Vault’s guards wore Guardsman armor, modeled after a design by Tony Stark. This included the head of security, Michael O’Brien, whose brother was the original Guardsman before the Vault’s creation, and a six-man “Retriever” squad, who were responsible for the transporting of prisoners. Other personnel included the original warden, Howard G. Hardman, and the head of the in-house science team, Dr. Henri Sorel. The science/medical team was a three-man department responsible for screening prisoners when they arrived in order to determine if any specialized containment was necessary.

The first superhumans to be interred at the Vault were not criminals at all, but the mighty Avengers. Just before the Vault’s official opening, the Avengers were framed for treason by a mentally-unbalanced Quicksilver, and Freedom Force, acting on behalf of the U.S. government, remanded both the Avengers and their West Coast contingent to custody. The team was aided by Spider-Woman (Julia Carpenter), who turned against her teammates in Freedom Force so that the Avengers could free themselves and clear their name.

In the beginning, the Vault lived up to its expectations, becoming an effective internment for superhuman criminals. Most villains feared the Vault’s reputation as an “inescapable” prison, partly because it was so shrouded in secret. However, many would attempt to break out of the Vault, particularly Venom. His most notable attempted break-out occurred during the tenure of the warden Truman Marsh. Marsh had instituted a number of hard-line policies against the inmates, and Venom was able to recruit a veritable army in hopes of escaping. However, Marsh clamped down on the entire facility, setting a bomb to detonate rather than allow any to escape. The Avengers and Freedom Force combined their efforts to break into the prison, subdue the inmates, and defuse the bomb. Unfortunately, Marsh was killed by Venom in the process.

The first truly successful breakout was ironically made possible by Tony Stark himself. As Iron Man, Stark was hunting down any pieces of his own technology that were stolen and incorporated in various high-tech armors around the globe, and some of this technology had ended up in the Guardsmen suits. Stripped of their efficacy, the Guardsmen could not contain the resulting prison break, although Captain America helped return most of the escaping criminals. Soon after, the god Loki influenced a breakout as part of his machinations to have villains of all sorts attack various heroes en masse, a conspiracy that would have taken out the Avengers. Although many inmates escaped, the majority of villains were held back by the efforts of Hawkeye (Clint Barton) and Iron Man.

One notable prisoner was Justice (Vance Astrovik), who was interred in the Vault after being found guilty in the inadvertent death of his father. Astrovik served as a model prisoner, often sparring with the Guardsmen in training sessions and, at one point, helping to avoid another breakout, and he was eventually released.

The Vault was not to last, however. Despite years of successful internment of a menagerie of superhumans, two breakouts in rapid succession (one by the Masters of Evil, staged to help their early public appearance as the Thunderbolts and to recruit Moonstone (Karla Sofen); the other by the U-Foes on behalf of the Master of the World) helped to convince the government that the Vault was no longer a viable alternative to the containment of superhuman prisoners. The Vault was never rebuilt after its destruction by the U-Foes.

Some of the superhumans imprisoned at the Vault during its operation include: Armadillo, Atlas (Erik Josten as Goliath), Baroness Zemo, Bullet, Controller, Electro (Maxwell Dillon), Frenzy (Joanna Cargill), Gorilla Man (Arthur Nagan), Grey Gargoyle, Griffin, Hydro-Man, Ironclad, Justice (Vance Astrovik), Klaw, Mandrill, Mentallo, MODAM, Moonstone (Karla Sofen), Mister Hyde, Nefarius, Nekra, Orka, Piledriver (Brian Calusky), Powderkeg, Radioactive Man (Chen Lu), Rhino (Aleksei Sytsevich), Scarecrow (Ebenezer Laughton), Speed Demon, Terraformer, Thunderball, Titania (Mary MacPherran), Vapor, Vector, Venom (Eddie Brock), Vermin, Wizard, Wrecker (Dirk Garthwaite), Yetrigar, X-Ray (James Darnell)

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Follow The Raft LOCATION » The Raft appears in 264 issues.

Formerly a high security island prison for the worst super-villains located off the coast of New York on Rikers Island, the Raft has been remodeled by the Superior Spider-Man as his new base of operations, Spider-Island Two. Location Wiki Images (12) Forum (0) News Related Pages The Raft appears in 264 issues View all Thunderbolts Thunderbolts

20 appearances Superior Spider-Man Superior Spider-Man

11 appearances The Amazing Spider-Man The Amazing Spider-Man

9 appearances The Astonishing Spider-Man The Astonishing Spider-Man

9 appearances No recent wiki edits to this page.

The Raft is a super-security prison located on a separate island at Ryker's Island Prison, with the objective to hold a vast amount of super-powered criminals, for example: Scarecrow, Controller, the U-Foes, Karl Lykos (Sauron), Crusader, Hydro-Man, Carnage (Cletus Kasady) and also contained the weak-minded Sentry. The facility has multiple underwater cell blocks, hi-tech steel windowless cells, two way relay video surveillance and super-powered S.H..I.E.L.D agents accompanying any no super visitors.

Electro was once hired to launch a break-out to free Karl Lykos, the break out triggered a battle involving Spider-Woman, Captain America, Spider-Man, The Sentry, Daredevil, Luke Cage, and Iron Man looking to regain control of the facility and return forty two escaped inmates, this event unintentionally created the New Avengers.

The Raft is perhaps the top super-powered criminals prison establishment of the U.S. Most escaped during the breakout but were recaptured. It was also a target for the Skrulls during Secret Invasion.

Following Siege, the Avengers U.S.Agent replaced Montgomery Battle as the facility's Warden and the Raft became home to the Thunderbolts Program with select inmates being able to work towards parole by participating in the program.

During Fear Itself, it was destroyed by The Juggernaut after he became the seemingly mindless Kuurth, Breaker of Stone, releasing almost all of the inmates in process.

The Raft was shown rebuilt following Juggernaut's rampage and since the disappearance of John Walker, it is unknown who is the current Warden of the prison.

Recently mayor J. Jonah Jameson had decided that the Raft was to dangerous to keep open and had planned to shut it down after the execution of the spider slayer, Alistair Smythe. However the Superior Spiderman (Doctor Octopus) had other plans, using a video recording of Jameson telling him to kill Smythe he blackmailed him into giving him the Raft as his own personal superhero HQ, which he has renamed Spider-Island II.

In Other Media Television The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes The Raft appears in the opening episodes of the series, where it is being used to house high profile supervillains like Graviton, Baron Zemo, the Purple Man and Arnim Zola. The prison is destroyed during Graviton's escape.

Film Captain America: Civil War The Raft in the movie The Raft in the movie The Raft appears in the movie as a massive underwater prison designed for dangerous criminals. Falcon, Hawkeye, Scarlet Witch and Ant-Man are imprisoned in the facility after being defeated by Team Iron Man, a fact which greatly disturbs Tony Stark. At the close of film, Captain America attacks the prison and liberates his allies.

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Marvel Database Marvel Database 205,247 PAGES ADD HUBS CHARACTERS COMICS COMMUNITY EXPLORE DISCUSS in: Organizations, Earth-616, Active Organizations, and 3 more Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) EDIT SHARE Information-silk Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S.

Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) from Migthy Avengers Vol 1 32 Gallery Official NameProject: Potential Energy Group/Alternate Sources/United States Organization AliasesProject Pegasus, Project: P.E.G.A.S.U.S. Status StatusActive Organization IdentityPublic UniverseEarth-616 Base Of OperationsProject P.E.G.A.S.U.S. Facility, Adirondack Mountains, New York State Organization Organization Leader(s)Director Gruenwald, Blue Shield (head of security) Former MembersBlack Goliath, Darkhawk, Quasar, Thing AlliesAvengers, New Avengers, Nova Corps, Quasar EnemiesDOA, Sin, Crossbones Origin OriginGovernment-funded research facility CreatorsMark Gruenwald, Ralph Macchio First appearance Marvel Two-In-One #42 (August, 1978)Unknown

Contents[hide] 1 History 2 Staff 3 Security 4 Notes 5 See Also 6 Links and References 6.1 Footnotes 1 History Project Pegasus (Potential Energy Group/Alternate Sources/United States) is a scientific base. Project: Pegasus was originally intended to research alternative (and unusual) forms of energy, but has also been used as a prison for super-powered individuals. The facility is located in the Adirondack Mountains in New York State.

Several heroes have served terms working security at the facility, including the Thing and Quasar. At one time it also served as a temporary home for the Squadron Supreme when they were exiled from their own universe.

2 Staff Director Gruenwald Evelyn Necker Dr. Thomas Lightner (formerly) Faith Barrows Helen Carver - rescued by Quasar after the Omnivore attack. Dr. Clark Dr. DeVere - Thermal expert Dr. Anson Harkov - Director of research Dr. Pons Indenbaum Dr. Andrew Kappelhoff Sidney Keith Davis Kent Jessica Knowles Talia Kruma D.Sc PhD - Former member of the Whiz Kids and Stark West, works as an engineer, architect and designer. LeAnn Margolis Dr. Margaret Mayfair - Director of Marketing Mr. Meeker Seamus McAnn Jerome N'Tuba Dr. Jeannine O'Connell - Psychotherapist Dr. Jason Rivera - assisted in several superhuman data searches. Dr. Henri Sorel (Radion the Atomic Man/Ravager) - Scientist Dr. Myron Wilburn - Administrative Director Bob (project technician) Finch Frank (project technician) Howie (transport) Mr. Jensen (transport) Adrienne Brashear - daughter of the Blue Marvel, works as an assistant administrator

3 Security Blue Shield - head of security Alocca Jenkins (security) Schirra (a Guardsman) James Scully (security) 4 Notes The facility is remembered best in comics for "The Project Pegasus Saga" printed in Marvel Two-in-One #53-#58 (later collected as a trade paperback of the same title with art by John Byrne and George Pérez). However, its recurring use as a prison for supervillains of the Marvel Universe has led to a number of comics stories in the following decades, significant among them an emergence of the Serpent Crown. 5 See Also 25 Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) Members 53 Appearances of Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) 1 Minor Appearances of Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) 12 Media Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) was Mentioned in 2 Images that include Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) Team Gallery: Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. (Earth-616) 6 Links and References Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. at marvel.com/universe Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. at Wikipedia Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. at marvunapp.com 6.1 Footnotes Categories: Organizations Templated Articles Earth-616 Active Organizations Public Identity American Organizations Think Tanks Add category

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Marvel Database Marvel Database 205,247 PAGES ADD HUBS CHARACTERS COMICS COMMUNITY EXPLORE DISCUSS in: Milky Way, Sol, Earth, and 8 more Vault (Prison) EDIT SHARE Information-silk Vault

Gallery Information-silk Official Name Maximum Security Installation for the Incarceration of Superhuman Criminals Information-silk Aliases Vault, Colorado Rocky Mountain Base Location Details Information-silk Galaxy Milky Way Information-silk Star System Sol Information-silk Planet Earth Information-silk Country United States of America Information-silk State Colorado Information-silk Locale North America First Appearance	Last Appearance Avengers Annual #15 (October, 1986) Heroes for Hire #1 (July, 1997) Contents[hide] History Overview Death Trap Closure Alternate Realities Mutant X (Earth-1298) The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (Earth-8096) The Spectacular Spider-Man (Earth-26496) Super Heroes Squad Show (Earth-91119) Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (Earth-TRN009) Residents Mainstream Universe (Earth-616) Guards Former Prisoners The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (Earth-8096) Staff Prisoners Former Prisoners The Spectacular Spider-Man (Earth-26496) Staff Prisoners Marvel Cinematic Universe (Earth-199999) Former Residents The Amazing Spider-Man (Earth-120703) Former Residents Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (Earth-TRN008) Staff Prisoners See Also Links and References Footnotes History Overview Located in Colorado Rocky Mountains, the Vault is an immense maximum security facility designed to hold for superhuman criminals and a specialized wing for extraterrestrial prisoners.[1]

Death Trap The superhuman hating Truman Marsh became the ruthless warden of the Vault. However the Vault direct line from the White House to the Vault would allow the President of the United States to detonate the facility if there was ever a breakout. Marsh however, tapped into that line, allowing him the ability to detonate the Vault on his own terms. Marsh was also running illegal experiments on the inmates. An accident with low-level psychic Mentallo increased his powers which allowed him to contact Venom in the next cell over, and they worked out an escape plan. Mentallo pretended to still be in pain from the experiment, but when one of the Guardsmen came to investigate, he forced him to open Venom's cell before knocking him out with a psychic attack. It was during the commotion that Electro was freed and he began freeing other inmates. Some of the inmates make it out of the Vault but were they rounded up by the Avengers and Freedom Force. Venom began threatening Marsh to release him or he would begin killing the guards. Marsh started the timer on the bomb, but when he realized this this was premature he tried to deactivate it but couldn't. He decided to destroy the wiring so it could not be stopped and then tried to leave via a secret elevator, but was attacked by Venom. Marsh detonated the elevator and caused adamantium plates to seal the shaft. However, Marsh escaped away to rig up the nuclear reactor to explode. Venom followed him and killed him, but the reactor was in meltdown. It was stopped by Iron Man and Radioactive Man.[2]

Closure After a endless series of riots and escapes over the years, the Vault was finally closed.[3] The Commission on Superhuman Activities adopted a new strategy of housing super-powered offenders in a series of specially prepared prisons around the country instead of one central location.[4]

Alternate Realities Mutant X (Earth-1298) Vault (Earth-1298) Colorado Rocky Mountain Base

Henry Gyrich served as the warden of the Vault. The Vault housed the containment unit of Dracula until it was stolen by The Marauders. It's also the base from which Larry Trask controlled his Sentinels.[5]

The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (Earth-8096) The Vault (Earth-80920) The Vault

The Vault is one of four specialized, high security prisons maintained by S.H.I.E.L.D. along with The Big House, The Cube, and The Raft. The Vault was designed by Tony Stark to house tech-based criminals and their gear.[6][7] When the prisoners escaped, the Vault was destroyed by Iron Man.

The Spectacular Spider-Man (Earth-26496) The Vault acts as a specialized and secret portion of Ryker's Island designed for superpowered inmates.[8]

Super Heroes Squad Show (Earth-91119) Vault (Earth-91119) 01 The Vault

The Vault is a high security prison and S.H.I.E.L.D. base located just outside of Super Hero City. The Vault also served as a repository for fractals of the Infinity Sword obtained by the Super Hero Squad.

Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (Earth-TRN009) In this reality, the Vault is a high-tech prison that run by the military and used to hold Gamma Mutates. It was guarded by mechs called Combat Wardens. When Emil Blonsky was placed in charged of it, he had new areas constructed so only he knew the full layout. He also requisitioned much of the Vault so only he had access to those areas, much to the ire of Gen. Thunderbolt Ross. Blonsky kept a secret project hidden in the off-limits area of the Vault known only as "Mission Directive."

When Bruce Banner was captured following a confrontation with Ross, Blonsky experimented on Banner to find out the secret of his transformation into the Hulk. However, Banner transformed into the Hulk and chased after Blonsky. After vanquishing a Capture Warden, Hulk cornered Blonsky after he run into a dead-end. That was when Blonsky revealed his ability to transform into the Abomination and fought off Hulk. He threatened Hulk before escaping. Hulk then escaped as well. With Vault badly damaged by the Hulk, the military was forced to kill all the Gamma-mutated prisoners.

Blonsky later returned and broke into the Vault to retrieve "Mission Directive." Banner, as the Hulk, chased after him and discovered that "Mission Directive" was actually Blonsky's dying wife Nadia. She had been mutated by Gamma Rays in an botched attempt by Blonksy to treat his wife's ovarian cancer. When Banner tried to reason with Blonksy, Blonsky, driven made by his mutation, blamed Banner and his experiments for his wife's death and swore to make Banner pay. He then escaped the Vault with the Hulk in hot pursuit.[9] Residents Mainstream Universe (Earth-616) Guards Warden Truman Marsh (deceased) Warden Howard G. Hardman Program Administrator Rozalyn Backus[10] Baker Eddie Corben Rubinstein[11] (deceased) Eliot Villagran[12] Emilio Layton[13] Frank Ensign[14] Harry Bright[13] Howard Samuels[2] Hugh Taylor[15] (deceased) Jim Cunningham[2] Marc Danson[11] Marty Delarosa[16] (deceased) Mike Ivy[14] Pascal Tyler[11] Patrick Herbert[17] Paul Danvers[11] Ravello Medina[11] (deceased) Rick McLaurin[11] (deceased) Scott Washington[18] Former Prisoners Angar the Screamer (David Angar)[14] Animator[11] Aqueduct (Peter van Zante)[19] Armadillo (Antonio Rodriguez)[20] Awesome Android[3] Black Knight (Dane Whitman)[1] Black Racer (Ariana Saddiqi)[21] Bo'sun Stug Bar[22] Bullet (Buck Cashman)[2] Bushmaster (Quincy McIver)[23] Cactus[14] Captain America (Steven Rogers)[1] Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau)[1] Carnage (Cletus Kasady)[24] Carrion (Malcolm McBride)[25] Cinder[11] Coachwhip (Beatrix Keener)[21] Controller (Basil Sandhurst)[2] Corruptor (Jackson Day)[19] Cottonmouth (Burchell Clemens)[21] Crossfire (William Cross)[10] Demogoblin[26] Dredmund Druid (Dredmund Cromwell)[27] Doctor Octopus (Otto Octavius)[28] Eel (Edward Lavell)[29] Electro (Maxwell Dillon)[14] Fer-de-Lance (Teresa Vasquez)[21] Flying Tiger[29] Frenzy (Joanna Cargill)[2] Gargantua (Edward Cobert)[19] Goliath (Erik Josten)[2] Grog the God-Slayer[30] Gorilla Man (Arthur Nagan)[2] Green Goblin (Harry Osborn)[31] Grey Gargoyle (Paul Duval)[2] Griffin (John Horton)[20] Halflife (Banca Rech)[32] Hawkeye (Clint Barton)[1] Helkooky[33] Henry Pym[1] Hercules[1] Hobgoblin (Jason Macendale Jr.)[26] Hydro Man (Morris Bench)[14] Iron Man (Tony Stark)[1] Kaine[34] Kalum Lo[22] King Cobra (Klaus Voorhees)[23] Klaw (Ulysses Klaw)[14] Krang[19] Leviathan[35] Lizard (Curtis Connors)[16] Looter (Norton Fester)[36] Mad Thinker[37] Madcap[34] Mainframe (Ian Wajler)[17] Man-Bull (William Taurens)[19] Mandrill (Jerome Beechman)[19] Marvel Boy (Vance Astrovik)[38] Mentallo (Marvin Flumm)[2] Mister Fear (Alan Fagan)[10] Mister Hyde (Calvin Zabo)[13] Mistur[39] Mockingbird (Barbara Morse)[1] Mole Man (Harvey Elder)[3] Molten Man (Mark Raxton)[14] Moonstone (Karla Sofen)[2] Nefarius (Lloyd Bloch)[40] Nekra[29] Nightshade (Tilda Johnson)[27] Orka[14] Powderkeg (Frank Skorina)[2] Quill[29] Radioactive Man (Chen Lu)[2] Rattler (Gustav Krueger)[41] Recorder RE-404[22] Rhino (Aleksei Sytsevich)[29] James Rhodes[13] (impersonating Electro) Rusty (Russell Collins) Scarecrow (Ebenezer Laughton)[14] Screaming Mimi (Melissa Gold)[37] Shrunken Bones (Jerold Morgan)[19] Skids (Sally Blevins) Skinner[42] Skybreaker (Aireo)[19] Solo (James Bourne)[43] Speed Demon (James Sanders)[2] Tarantula (Luis Alvarez)[44] Terraformer[19] Titania (Mary MacPherran)[13] Tiger Shark (Todd Arliss)[45] Tigra (Greer Grant)[1] U-Foes Ironclad (Michael Steel)[2] Vapor (Ann Darnell)[2] Vector (Simon Utrecht)[34] X-Ray (James Darnell)[2] Ultron[46] Venom (Eddie Brock)[15] Vermin (Edward Whelan)[2] Vibro (Alton Vibereaux)[20] Wasp (Janet van Dyne)[1] Whirlwind (David Cannon)[14] Wizard (Bentley Wittman)[14] Wonder Man (Simon Williams)[1] Wrecking Crew[41] Bulldozer (Henry Camp) Piledriver (Brian Calusky) Thunderball (Eliot Franklin) Wrecker (Dirk Garthwaite) Yetrigar[14] Zamsed[47] The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes (Earth-8096) Staff Jimmy Woo Prisoners None

Former Prisoners Crimson Dynamo (Anton Vanko) Technovore M.O.D.O.C. (George Tarleton) Baron Wolfgang von Strucker Grim Reaper (Eric Williams) Living Laser (Arthur Parks) Blizzard (Donald Gill) Chemistro (Curtis Carr) Whiplash The Spectacular Spider-Man (Earth-26496) Staff Donald Menken Captain George Stacy Norman Osborn Prisoners Cat Burglar (Walter Hardy) "Fancy Dan" Brito Jackson "Montana" Brice Molten Man (Mark Allan) Mysterio (Robot) Raymond "The Ox" Bloch Rhino (Alex O'Hirn) Silvermane (Silvio Manfredi) Marvel Cinematic Universe (Earth-199999) Former Residents Emil Blonsky The Amazing Spider-Man (Earth-120703) Former Residents Aleksei Sytsevich Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (Earth-TRN008) Staff Combat Wardens Emil Blonsky (formerly) Gen. Ross Prisoners Mercy (deceased) Bruce Banner (formerly) Nadia Blonsky (deceased) unrevealed prisoners (deceased) See Also Appearances of Vault (Prison) Minor Appearances of Vault (Prison) Media Vault (Prison) was Mentioned in Location Gallery: Vault (Prison) Images related to Vault (Prison) Marvel Staff members who were born in Vault (Prison) Links and References Footnotes ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Avengers Annual #15 ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Avengers: Death Trap, The Vault #1 ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Heroes for Hire #1 ↑ Maximum Security #1 ↑ Mutant X #8 ↑ Avengers Micro Episodes: Ant-Man & The Wasp Season 1 3 ↑ Avengers Micro Episodes: Iron Man Season 1 4 ↑ The Spectacular Spider-Man Season 2 12 ↑ Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Spider-Man: Breakout #1 ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Cage #9 ↑ Darkhawk #5 ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Iron Man #228 ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 Avengers Spotlight #26 ↑ 15.0 15.1 Amazing Spider-Man #315 ↑ 16.0 16.1 Web of Spider-Man #109 ↑ 17.0 17.1 Deathlok Vol 2 #8 ↑ New Warriors #21 ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 New Warriors #36 ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Captain America #340 ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Captain America #382 ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Force Works #12 ↑ 23.0 23.1 Captain America Annual #10 ↑ Amazing Spider-Man Annual #28 ↑ The Spectacular Spider-Man #162 ↑ 26.0 26.1 Ghost Rider/Blaze: Spirits of Vengeance #6 ↑ 27.0 27.1 Captain America #408 ↑ The Lethal Foes of Spider-Man #1 ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Avengers Spotlight #29 ↑ Thor #396 ↑ The Spectacular Spider-Man #189 ↑ Quasar #10 ↑ Captain Marvel Vol 3 #2 ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Thunderbolts Annual #1997 ↑ Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. Vol 3 #8 ↑ Amazing Scarlet Spider #1 ↑ 37.0 37.1 Avengers Spotlight #28 ↑ New Warriors #29 ↑ Fantastic Four Vol 3 #51 ↑ Avengers: Unplugged #1 ↑ 41.0 41.1 Damage Control Vol 2 #1 ↑ Over the Edge #9 ↑ Solo #4 ↑ Venom Sinner Takes All #4 ↑ Marvel Comics Presents #53 ↑ Avengers: West Coast #89 ↑ Force Works #13 Categories: Milky Way Sol Earth United States of America Colorado North America Locations Templated Articles Prisons S.H.I.E.L.D. Bases Earth-26496 Rocky Mountains Add category

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Doc Savage Wiki 109 PAGES ADD POPULAR PAGES COMMUNITY EXPLORE Hidalgo Trading Company EDIT SHARE Hidalgo Trading Company is a fictional warehouse used by Doc Savage.

☀As extravagant as The Shadows' sanctum was, it was nothing compared to Doc Savage's headquarters. In fact, Doc had not one, not two, but three different bases of operation. The primary one, and the only one known to the public was on the 86th floor of an unnamed skyscraper in New York City. Because there was only one building with that many floors in New York City in 1933 (when Doc Savage began publishing), it has most often been assumed that the unnamed skyscraper that was home to Doc's headquarters was none other than the Empire State Building itself, although this is never made explicit in the novels. Doc's 86th floor headquarters is reached by a high speed elevator accessible only to Doc, his aides, and his cousin Pat (sometimes Doc would try to find a way of locking her out, but she always figured out a way to get in). For added security, Doc also rented the 85th and 87th floors to keep people from spying on him. References are made to offices in floors other than the 86th which deal with such ordinary matters as security, correspondence, and so on.

Perhaps the headquarters of no other superhero or private eye was as well equipped as Doc Savage's 86th floor abode. It had sufficient accommodations not only for Doc and his men, but also several guests as well. It also had a fully equipped laboratory, a library with thousands of books, and a gymnasium. As might be expected, Doc's headquarters was protected by the same sort of gadgets which he uses on his adventures. Not only did Doc rent an entire three floors (and possibly others) of the skyscraper, but there was also a secret basement garage where Doc's various vehicles were located. Indeed, Doc not only owned cars, but planes, autogyros, boats, a submarine, and a dirigible. These were stored at another one of Doc's headquarters, a secret hangar on the Hudson River disguised as a warehouse belonging to "The Hidalgo Trading Company ." The secret hangar was accessed by a pneumatic tube system linked to the skyscraper where Doc's offices were.

Not only did Doc have three floors of what may have been the Empire State Building and a hangar, but his own hidden retreat as well. This was the Fortress of Solitude (if it sounds familiar, it because a certain comic book company ripped off the idea from the Man of Bronze...). Its whereabouts were initially unknown even to his aides and to his cousin Pat. It was here that Doc went for periods of time to develop new gadgets, conduct experiments, and engage in intense study. The Fortress of Solitude was located in a remote region of the Arctic. In the novel suitably entitled Fortress of Solitude, the Fortress is described as a "Strange Blue Dome." It is said that it resembled "...the perfectly spherical half of an opaque blue crystal ball--of incredible size, of course. It surface appears perfectly smooth, with no obvious openings, no doors or windows of any kind. It was made of an unknown substance, that was not glass or metal but resembled both." Within the Fortress of Solitude one can assume there were the same amenities as Doc's 86th floor headquarters--a laboratory, a library, and a gymnasium at least. Unfortunately it was also where Doc stored those gadgets which he thought were too dangerous for mankind to possess. This nearly led to disaster when his archenemy, John Sunlight, discovered the Fortress and stole two of these gadgets (in the aforementioned novel Fortress of Solitude), weapons with which he hoped to start World War II (keep in mind Fortress of Solitude was published in 1938).

Beginning with the 42nd issue of 181-issue Doc Savage Magazine (The Midas Man, Volume VII, No. 6, Aug 1936), Doc Savage's penthouse on the 86th floor of an unnamed New York City skyscraper (implicitly the Empire State Building) is linked to his Hidalgo Trading Company warehouse-boathouse-hangar on the Hudson River waterfront by pneumatic bullet-car nicknamed the Flea Run, Go-Devil and Angel-Wagon due to its hundred mile per hour speed and that plummets straight down from the penthouse ninety stories to a sub-basement, makes a 90° turn to travel a mile and a quarter (a little over two kilometers) 60 feet (18 meters) below 34th Street and then comes back up to ground floor of the warehouse, presumably at a shallower but still steep incline. The interior of the car is heavily padded, with four seats, one behind the other bobsled fashion. Since the car does not turn around, the seats are designed to rotate 180° so that the passengers always face in the direction of travel. The acceleration is such that, when traveling down the tube from the 86th Floor, no sensation of falling is experienced. The system is driven by enormous air compressors and compressed air receiver vessels housed on the roofs of both the skyscraper and the Hidalgo Trading Company.

From his collection stored in the Hidalgo Trading Company warehouse Doc uses a fast, silenced Motorboat, capable of self-righting itself after capsizing with a pop-up gun and tripod. The boat is described as being considered by the navy for the basis of "a fleet of light coastal defense speedsters" (similar to an armed Motor life boat in description). Last, and also from the warehouse, Doc again uses the Helldiver submarine (first seen in The Polar Treasure, June 1933). The Helldiver has many gadgets and experimental devices built into it. In this story the principle modifications are a mechanism to release a chemical similar to squid ink, external-viewing television screens and dial-based sonic devices allowing it to successfully navigate through New York harbour, and its traffic, while submerged.

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Maveric Universe Wiki 1,363 PAGES ADD POPULAR PAGES COMMUNITY EXPLORE in: Banking, Security engineering, Law enforcement terminology, and 2 more Time-Vault EDIT SHARE New Genisis Bunker front blue2onevbb new genisis bunker

_-VIKING-Battle-For-Asgard-PS3-_.jpg TONY VINCENT Project_Time_Stalkers,Inc.jpg|Project Time-Stalkers,Inc.

Time vault FotoFlexer Photoq1 A Time-Vault is a fictional device or structure,used to preserve or store items for safe keeping,existing within the worlds of the Maveric Multiverse.These type of Time-Vaults have remained standard room sized vault,but contain such things as a Time-Space Jump Points.

Contents[hide] 1 Type One Time-Vault 2 Type Two Time-Vault 3 Historical usage 4 Type One Time-Vault 5 Type Two Time-Vault 6 Type Three Time-Vault 7 Features 8 History 9 Design 10 Manufacturing process 10.1 Panels 10.2 Door 10.3 Lock 10.4 Installation 11 Performance standards 12 Byproducts/waste 13 Future 14 References 15 Further reading 15.1 Books 15.2 Periodicals 16 External links 1 Type One Time-Vault Edit A smallbank vault (or strongroom) is a secure space where money, valuables, records, and documents can be stored,outside of time and space. It is intended to protect their contents from theft, unauthorized use, fire, natural disasters, and other threats, just like a safe. But unlike safes, vaults are an integral part of the building within which they are built, using armored walls and a tightly fashioned door closed with a complex lock.Generally,they have size limitations,but act and function in a similar to small,scaled down New Genisis Bunkers.The Vault itself was around three storeys high, with a large column running through the middle that was an extension of the fountain above; at its base lay the Zero-Point Generator,that provides continueous power for the vault ,with an emergency paragravity generator,that lighten the instellations overall weight. The Time-Vault had two means of access: an elevator lift that moves into the upper levels,often disguised as a house or store front and four starwell that lead entrance hidden in a tourism office. the military base scenes in and the booby-trapped abandoned warehouse scenes in "These type of Time-Vaults have remained standard multi room sized vault,but contain such things as prisoners section, a Time-Space Jump Points.

2 Type Two Time-VaultEdit A huge building bank vault (or strongroom) is a secure space where money, valuables, records, equiptment and documents can be stored, outside of time and space. It is intended to protect their contents from theft, unauthorized use, fire, natural disasters, and other threats, just like a safe. But unlike safes, vaults are an integral part of the building within which they are built, using armored walls and a tightly fashioned door closed with a complex lock.Generally, they have size limitations, but act and function in a similar to small, scaled down New Genesis Bunkers,just like Type One Time-Vaults. The diffecences, Type Two Time-Vault also not apart of a building,but can built as the buildings themselves.

These Type Two Time-Vaults became sort scaled down version ofNew Genisis Bunkers,to be used store more various items and equiptment,but to be uses a safehouse or bases of operations,for various groups or individuals.

Other uses
Four Satellite Time-Vaults used during No Man's Land.(clockwise from top left). Central Batcave (Robinson Park Reservoir), Batcave South (A boiler room beneath Paris Island), Northwest Batcave (a subbasement of Arkham Asylum), and Batcave East (Wayne Enterprises-owned oil refinery). Art by Stan Boch.]] File:Batcave South-Central.jpg The Outsiders were, for a time, based out of a Batcave in Los Angeles. After Bane's attack during the Knightfall story arc, Bruce Wayne swore that he'd never be caught unprepared to defend Gotham City ever again. When Dick Grayson assumed the Mantle of the Bat during the Prodigal storyline, Bruce established satellite Batcaves (most of which were not caves in the literal sense that the original one was) throughout the city on areas either owned by him, his company, or unknown or abandoned by the city, in the event that he needed a place to hide and/or resupply, which were pivotal during the No Man's Land storyline. One such Batcave was given to Batgirl, below a house owned by Bruce Wayne himself, during a point where her identity was compromised after she saved a man from rogue government agents, meaning that she could not walk around without a mask. The other satellite Batcaves introduced during No Man's Land were: *Central Batcave: Located fifty feet below the bottom of Robinson Park Reservoir, it is accessible through a secret entrance at the foot of one of the Twelve Caesars statues at the north of the park. This safehouse was put out of commission by Poison Ivy, her "Feraks", and Clayface.[1] *Batcave South: A boiler room of a derelict shipping yard on the docks across from Paris Island. This safehouse is accessible through a number of false manholes planted throughout Old Gotham streets.[1] *Batcave South-Central: Located in the Old Gotham prototype subway station, a four-block stretch of track sealed in 1896 and forgotten.[1] *Northwest Batcave: This safehouse is located in the subbasement of Arkham Asylum. Batman secretly stocked it with emergency rations, all-terrain vehicles, and battery-powered communication equipment.[1] *Batcave East: An abandoned oil refinery owned by Wayne Enterprises. It fell out of use during a gasoline crisis when the company moved all of its holdings offshore decades ago.[1] *Arkham Island Batcave: Over the years, Batman gathered supplies for a Batcave on Arkham Island, as a preemptive measure for any attack on the asylum. He finally utilized it during the events of the video game Batman: Arkham Asylum, but it was for the most part destroyed by the Titan-powered Poison Ivy. It's also implied that Joker knew about, or at least suspected the existence of this cave, as he dispatched his henchmen into the sewers of Arkham to find it, most likely because Joker has been fighting Batman for so long and knows that he would have a contingency plan for just such an emergency. Another was introduced in 2002's Fugitive story arc, this time in the form of an abandoned submarine. ====Bat Bunker==== File:BatBunker.jpg Under the Wayne Foundation building, there is a secret bunker. As of Batman #687, Dick Grayson has taken to using this as his "Batcave", stating that he wishes to embody the role of Batman in a way that is specific to him as well as getting closer to the action in the city. This is similar to the bunker seen in the 2008 film The Dark Knight. The bunker is as well-equipped as the original Batcave, including the Subway Rocket vehicle stationed beneath the bunker. safe house is, in a generic sense, a secret place for sanctuary or suitable to hide persons from the law, hostile actors or actions, or from retribution, threats or perceived danger.[2] It may also be a metaphor.

3 Historical usageEdit in the jargon of law enforcement and intelligence agencies, is a secure location, suitable for hiding witnesses, agents or other persons perceived as being in danger

a place where people may go to avoid prosecution of their activities by authorities. Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad has been described as a "safe house".


 * a place where undercover operatives may conduct clandestine observations or meet other operatives surreptitiously[3]


 * a location where a trusted adult or family or charity organization provides a safe haven for victims of domestic abuse (see also: men and/or women's shelter or refuge)


 * a home of a trusted person, family or organization where victims of war and/or persecution may take refuge, receive protection and/or live in secret


 * Right of asylum


 * sanctuary in medieval law


 * sanctuary in modern times


 * Church asylum

Typically, the significance of safe houses is kept secret from all but a limited number of people, for the safety of those hidden within them.

Many religious institutions will allow one to obtain sanctuary within one's place of worship, and some governments respect and do not violate such sanctuary.

Safe houses were an integral part of the Underground Railroad, the network of safe house locations that were used to assist slaves in escaping to the primarily northern free states in the 19th century United States. Some houses were marked with a statue of an African-American man holding a lantern, called "the Lantern Holder".[4][5]

Safe houses also provided a refuge for victims of Nazi persecution and for escaping prisoners of war. Victims, such as Anne Frank and her family, were harbored clandestinely for extended periods of time. Other Jewish victims hidden from the Germans were Philip Slier and his extended family and friends.[6]

Type Three Time-Vault
a kind of huge Time-Vault,used to secure space where money, valuables, records,equiptment and documents can be stored,outside of time and space,too dangerous to allowed out among the populas.

Features
Separate security towers and administration building; main citadel (security staging areas, administrative offices); self-contained cells in subterranean levels, each cell has reconfigurable walls for differentiated accomodation; isolation pit/cells; self-contained nuclear power facility.

Several eons ago, the United Kingdoms of Atlantis tried to solve the problem of incarcerating superhuman criminals and extraterrestrial lifeforms,to dangerous to allowed freedom by creating the maximum security prison termed “the Vault.” It had many advantages over more conventional prisons, as it contained multiple subterranean levels, was constructed from near-impervious materials such as either Atlanteanor steel, and used various power-dampening devices. An additional factor in the Vault’s early success was the fact that its location, deep within the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, was kept top secret from all but the most necessary personnel and government officials.

In the beginning, the Vault lived up to its expectations, becoming an effective internment for superhuman criminals. Most villains feared the Vault’s reputation as an “inescapable” prison, partly because it was so shrouded in secret. However, many would attempt to break out of the Vault, particularly Venom. His most notable attempted break-out occurred during the tenure of the warden Truman Marsh. Marsh had instituted a number of hard-line policies against the inmates, and Venom was able to recruit a veritable army in hopes of escaping. However, Marsh clamped down on the entire facility, setting a bomb to detonate rather than allow any to escape. The Avengers and Freedom Force combined their efforts to break into the prison, subdue the inmates, and defuse the bomb. Unfortunately, Marsh was killed by Venom in the process

Lis-tos-02.jpg

File:WinonaSavingsBankVault.JPG A bank vault (or strongroom) is a secure space where money, valuables, records, and documents can be stored. It is intended to protect their contents from theft, unauthorized use, fire, natural disasters, and other threats, just like a safe. But unlike safes, vaults are an integral part of the building within which they are built, using armored walls and a tightly fashioned door closed with a complex lock.

Historically, strongrooms were built in the basement of a bank where the ceilings were vaulted, hence the name. Modern bank vaults typically contain many safe deposit boxes, as well as places for teller cash drawers, and other valuable assets of the bank or its customers. They are also common in other buildings where valuables are kept such as post offices, grand hotels, rare book libraries and certain government ministries.

Vault technology developed in a type of arms race with bank robbers. As burglars came up with new ways to break into vaults, vault makers found innovative ways to foil them. Modern vaults may be armed with a wide array of alarms and anti-theft devices. Some nineteenth and early twentieth century vaults were built so well that today they are almost impossible to destroy. These older vaults were typically made with steel-reinforced concrete. The walls were usually at least 1 ft (0.3 m) thick, and the door itself was typically 3.5 ft (1.1 m) thick. Total weight ran into the hundreds of tons. Today vaults are made with thinner, lighter materials that, while still secure, are easier to dismantle than their earlier counterparts.

History
File:Bank vault 1901.jpg The need for secure storage stretches far back in time. The earliest known locks were made by the Egyptians. Ancient Romans used a more sophisticated locking system, called warded locks. Warded locks had special notches and grooves that made picking them more difficult. Lock technology advanced independently in ancient India, Russia, and China, where the combination lock is thought to have originated. In the United States, most banks relied on small iron safes fitted with a key lock up until the middle of the nineteenth century. After the Gold Rush of 1849, unsuccessful prospectors turned to robbing banks. The prospectors would often break into the bank using a pickax and hammer. The safe was usually small enough that the thief could get it out a window, and take it to a secluded spot to break it open.

Banks demanded more protection and safe makers responded by designing larger, heavier safes. Safes with a key lock were still vulnerable through the key hole, and bank robbers soon learned to blast off the door by pouring explosives in this opening. In 1861, inventor Linus Yale Jr. introduced the modern combination lock. Bankers quickly adopted Yale's lock for their safes, but bank robbers came up with several ways to get past the new invention. It was possible to use force to punch the combination lock through the door. Other experienced burglars learned to drill holes into the lock case and use mirrors to view the slots in the combination wheels inside the mechanism. A more direct approach was to simply kidnap the bank manager and force him to reveal the combination.

After the inventions of the combination lock, James Sargent—an employee of Yale—developed the "theft proof lock." This was a combination lock that worked on a timer. The vault or safe door could only be opened after a set number of hours had passed, thus a kidnapped bank employee could not open the lock in the middle of the night even under force. Time locks became widespread at banks in the 1870s. This reduced the kidnappings, but set bank robbers to work again at prying or blasting open vaults. Thieves developed tools for forcing open a tiny crack between the vault door and frame. As the crack widened, the thieves levered the door open or poured in gunpowder and blasted it off. Vault makers responded with a series of stair-stepped grooves in the door frame so the door could not be levered open. But these grooves proved ideal for a new weapon: liquid nitroglycerin. Professional bank robbers learned to boil dynamite in a kettle of water and skim the nitroglycerin off the top. They could drip this volatile liquid into the door grooves and destroy the door. Vault makers subsequently redesigned their doors so they closed with a thick, smooth, tapered plug. The plug fit so tightly that there was no room for the nitroglycerin.

By the 1920s, most banks avoided using safes and instead turned to gigantic, heavy vaults with walls and doors several feet thick. These were meant to withstand not only robbers but also angry mobs and natural disasters. Despite the new security measures, these vaults were still vulnerable to yet another new invention, the cutting torch. Burning oxygen and acetylene gas at about Template:Convert, the torch could easily cut through steel. It was in use as early as 1907, but became widespread with World War I. Robbers used cutting torches in over 200 bank robberies in 1924 alone. Manufacturers learned to sandwich a copper alloy into vault doors. If heated, the high thermal conductivity of copper dissipates the heat to prevent melting or burning. After this design improvement, bank burglaries fell off and were far less common at the end of the 1920s than at the beginning of the decade.

Technology continues in the race with bank robbers, coming up with new devices such as heat sensors, motion detectors, and alarms. Bank robbers have in turn developed even more technological tools to find ways around these systems. Although the number of bank robberies has been cut dramatically, they are still attempted.

Materials used in vaults and vault doors have changed as well. The earlier vaults had steel doors, but because these could easily be cut by torches, different materials were tried. Massive cast iron doors had more resistance to acetylene torches than steel. The modern preferred vault door material is actually the same concrete as used in the vault wall panels. It is usually clad in steel for cosmetic reasons.

Design
File:TIFF Image File0003.TIF Bank vaults are built as custom orders. The vault is usually the first aspect of a new bank building to be designed and built. The manufacturing process begins with the design of the vault, and the rest of the bank is built around it. The vault manufacturer consults with the customer to determine factors such as the total vault size, desired shape, and location of the door. After the customer signs off on the design, the manufacturer configures the equipment to make the vault panels and door. The customer usually orders the vault to be delivered and installed. That is, the vault manufacturer not only makes the vault parts, but brings the parts to the construction site and puts them together.

Bank vaults are typically made with steel-reinforced concrete. This material was not substantially different from that used in construction work. It relied on its immense thickness for strength. An ordinary vault from the middle of the 20th century might have been 18 in (45.72 cm) thick and was quite heavy and difficult to remove or remodel around. Modern bank vaults are now typically made of modular concrete panels using a special proprietary blend of concrete and additives for extreme strength. The concrete has been engineered for maximum crush resistance. A panel of this material, though only 3 in (7.62 cm) thick, may be up to 10 times as strong as an 18 in-thick (45.72-cm) panel of regular formula concrete.

There are at least two public examples of vaults withstanding a nuclear blast. The most famous is the Teikoku Bank in Hiroshima whose two Mosler Safe Company vaults survived the atomic blast with all contents intact. The bank manager wrote a congratulatory note to Mosler.[1][2] A second is a vault at the Nevada National Security Site (formerly the Nevada Test Site) in which an above ground Mosler vault was one of many structures specifically constructed to be exposed to an atomic blast.[3][4]

Panels
The wall panels are molded first using a special reinforced concrete mix. In addition to the usual cement powder, stone, etc., additional materials such as metal shavings or abrasive materials may be added to resist drilling penetration of the slab. Unlike regular concrete used in construction, the concrete for bank vaults is so thick that it cannot be poured. The consistency of concrete is measured by its "slump." Vault concrete has zero slump. It also sets very quickly, curing in only six to 12 hours, instead of the three to four days needed for most concrete.[5][6]


 * A network of reinforcing steel rods are manually placed into the damp mix.


 * The molds are vibrated for several hours. The vibration settles the material and eliminates air pockets.


 * The edges are smoothed with a trowel, and the concrete is allowed to harden.


 * The panels are removed from the mold and placed on a truck for transport to the customer's construction site.

Door
The vault door is also molded of special concrete used to make the panels, but it can be made in several ways. The door mold differs from the panel molds because there is a hole for the lock and the door will be clad in stainless steel. Some manufacturers use the steel cladding as the mold and pour the concrete directly into it. Other manufacturers use a regular mold and screw the steel on after the panel is dry.

Round vault doors were popular in the early 20th century and are iconic images for a bank's high security. They fell out of favor due to manufacturing complexities, maintenance issues (door sag due to weight) and cost, but a few examples are still available.[7][8]

A day gate is a second door inside the main vault door frame used for limited vault protection while the main door is open. It is often made of open metal mesh or glass and is intended to keep a casual visitor out rather than to provide true security.[9]

Lock
A vault door, much like the smaller burglary safe door, is secured with numerous massive metal bolts (cylinders) extending from the door into the surrounding frame. Holding those bolts in place is some sort of lock. The lock is invariably mounted on the inside (behind) of the difficult to penetrate door and is usually very modest in size and strength, but very difficult to gain access to from the outside. There are many types of lock mechanisms in use:


 * A combination lock similar in principle to that of a padlock or safe door is very common. This is usually a mechanical device but products incorporating both mechanical and electronic mechanisms are available, making certain safe cracking techniques very difficult.[10]


 * High security key locks are used in a few vault doors.[11]


 * A dual control (dual custody) combination lock has two dials controlling two locking mechanisms for the door. They are usually configured so that both locks must be dialed open at the same time for the door to be unlocked. No single person is given both combinations, requiring two people to cooperate to open the door. Some doors may be configured so that either dial will unlock the door, trading off increased convenience for lessened security.


 * A time lock is a clock that prevents the vault's door from opening until a specified number of hours have passed. This is still the "theft proof" lock system that Sargent invented in the late nineteenth century. Such locks are manufactured by only a few companies worldwide. The locking system is supplied to the vault manufacturer preassembled.


 * Many safe-cracking techniques also apply to the locking mechanism of the vault door. They may be complicated by the sheer thickness and strength of the door and panel.

Installation

 * The finished vault panels, door, and lock assembly are transported to the bank construction site. The vault manufacturer's workers then place the panels enclosed in steel at the designated spots and weld them together. The vault manufacturer may also supply an alarm system, which is installed at the same time. While older vaults employed various weapons against burglars, such as blasts of steam or teargas, modern vaults instead use technological countermeasures. They can be wired with a listening device that picks up unusual sounds, or observed with a camera. An alarm is often present to alert local police if the door or lock is tampered with.

Performance standards
Quality control for much of the world's vault industry is overseen by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), in Northbrook, Illinois. Until 1991, the United States government also regulated the vault industry. The government set minimum standards for the thickness of vault walls, but advances in concrete technology made thickness an arbitrary measure of strength. Thin panels of new materials were far stronger than the thicker, poured concrete walls. Now the effectiveness of the vault is measured by how well it performs against a mock break-in. Manufacturers also do their own testing designing a new product to make sure it is likely to succeed in UL trials.[12] Key points include:


 * It is based on using "common hand tools, picking tools, mechanical or portable electric tools, grinding points carbide drills, pressure applying devices or mechanisms, abrasive cutting wheels, power saws, coring tools, impact tools, fluxing rods, and oxy-fuel gas cutting torches".


 * A breach is a hole in the door or wall of at least 96 square inches (6 × 16 in (15.24 × 40.64 cm)) or breaking locking bolts to allow the door to open.


 * Considers only the time actually spent working (excludes setup, rests, etc.)


 * Does not cover attacks with a thermal lance or explosives.


 * UL-608 makes no claims as to the fire resistance of the vault.


 * Applies to the door and all sides.


 * The lock, ventilation, alarms, etc. are covered by other UL standards.

Byproducts/waste
The manufacturing process itself has no unusual waste or byproducts, but getting rid of old bank vaults can be a problem. Newer, modular bank vaults can be moved if a bank closes or relocates. They can also be enlarged if the bank's needs change. Older bank vaults are quite difficult to demolish. If an old bank building is to be renovated for another use, in most cases a specialty contractor has to be called in to demolish the vault. A vault's demolition requires massive wrecking equipment and may take months of work at a large expense. At least one company in the United States refurbishes old vault doors that are then resold.

In some cases, the new owner of a former bank building will opt to use the vault. There are cases where, for example, a bank building was renovated into a pub, which then used the vault as a secure storeroom for its liquor supply.

Future
Bank vault technology changed rapidly in the 1980s and 1990s with the development of improved concrete material. Bank burglaries are also no longer the substantial problem they were in the late nineteenth century up through the 1930s, but vault makers continue to alter their products to counter new break-in methods.

An issue in the twenty-first century is the thermal lance. Burning iron rods in pure oxygen ignited by an oxyacetylene torch, it can produce temperatures of 6,600–8,000 °F (3,650–4,430 °C). The thermal lance user bores a series of small holes that can eventually be linked to form a gap. Vault manufacturers work closely with the banking industry and law enforcement in order to keep up with such advances in burglary.

Books

 * Steele, Sean P., Heists: Swindles, Stickups, and Robberies that Shocked the World. New York: Metrobooks, 1995. ISBN 1-56799-170-X.


 * Tchudi, Stephen, Lock & Key: The Secrets of Locking Things Up, In, and Out. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993. ISBN 0-684-19363-9.

Periodicals

 * Chiles, James R., "Age-Old Battle to Keep Safes Safe from 'Creepers, Soup Men and Yeggs". Smithsonian (July 1984): 35–44.


 * Merrick, Amy, "Immovable Objects, If They're Bank Vaults, Make Nice Restaurants". The Wall Street Journal (5 February 2001): Al.

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