The Jupiter 2

http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/lostinspace/images/0/0e/Jupiter2flying.PNG

The Jupiter 2 is the spaceship on Lost in Space. Launched on October 16, 1997 towards a planet of the star Alpha Centauri, it is the most sophisticated piece of hardware yet devised by the mind of man. Bold in concept and brilliant in execution, this most delicate yet most colossal of instruments makes possible travel to other worlds beyond our solar system.

The spaceship stands two stories tall. The upper deck contains a sophisticated automated guidance system and a set of freezing tubes capable of placing the six member crew into a state of suspended animation for the duration of their five and half year journey. The lower deck contains the great atomic motors that power the ship, as well as the galley, laboratory, and crew quarters. The robot's stowage area is located at the center of the lower deck.

The ship became lost in space as a result of sabotage by Dr. Zachary Smith, acting as an agent of a foreign government. Dr. Smith was inadvertently trapped aboard the ship at launch. The ship is the home of the Robinson family, Major Don West and Dr. Smith in their journeys through the galaxy.

Technology & Equipment
[[File:Lis-tos-02.jpg|thumb|300px|right|

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Lis-tos-02.jpg The Robinsons in suspended animation tubes, in unaired pilot, No Place to Hide.]]

One of the most vital pieces of equipment was their environmental control robot B-9. The Robot was extremely strong, able to discharge strong electrostatic charges from his claws, could detect threats with his scanner, produce exact duplicates of small objects like a pair of gloves and could even detect faint smells (in "One of Our Dogs is Missing"). He could both understand speech as well as speak. In episode 8 ("Invaders From The Fifth Dimension") the Robot claims the ability to read human minds by "translating emitted thought waves back into words".

The crew had a variety of methods of transportation. First, there was the two-deck, nuclear powered Jupiter 2 flying saucer spacecraft. (In the original pilot, the ship was named "Gemini 12", and consisted of a single deck.) One critical technology aboard the Jupiter 2 was the suspended animation "freezing tubes" which made interstellar space travel feasible. When they were on a planet, the crew used an amphibious tracked exploration vehicle called the "Chariot" that had clear body panels and roof, seismograph, scanner, solar batteries, a gun rack and "gun hatch." The space "Pod" -- a small spacecraft modeled on the Apollo Lunar Module added to the show in its third and final season—was used to travel from its bay in the Jupiter 2 to destinations either on land or in space. On occasion, Prof. Robinson or Major West used what was then an exciting new invention: the jet pack.

For self-defense, the crew of the Jupiter 2 (including Will Robinson on occasion against his parents' wishes) had an "arsenal" of laser guns at their disposal, both rifles and handguns. The crew also employed a force field around the Jupiter 2 for protection while on alien planets. They also used small transceivers to keep in touch with each other when away from the ship.

The Jupiter 2 had technology that simplified or did away with mundane tasks. The "washing machine" took seconds to work, cleaning, ironing, folding, and packaging the clothes in plastic bags. The ship had no light bulbs. Maureen said the lights were "transistorized," perhaps meaning they were electroluminescent or built from arrays of light emitting diodes. "Protein pills" (a complete nutritional emergency substitute for whole foods) were featured in "The Hungry Sea" (air date: 31 Oct 1965) and "The Space Trader" (air date: 9 March 1966). In this, Lost in Space was ahead of NASA and Pillsbury which later developed "Space Food Sticks." Silver Reflective Space Blankets, a then new invention developed by NASA in 1964, were used in "The Hungry Sea" (air date: 13 Oct 1965) and "Attack of the Monster Plants" (air date: 15 Dec 1965).

On the other hand, sound and voice recording was less advanced, for example, using reel-to-reel tape recorders, and Prof. Robinson often put pen to paper to write journal entries in early episodes. The Jupiter 2

==http://www.alphacontrol.org/wiki/images/3/3a/G12LiftOff.jpg

The Jupiter 2 is the interstellar spaceship that carried the first space family, the Robinsons, into space on October 16, 1997. It is also the name of the mission whose purpose was to take the family to a planet orbiting the star system Alpha Centauri. Contents

o 2.1 Complete Spacecraft o 2.2 Drive Systems + 2.2.1 Anti-Gravity Drive + 2.2.2 Deutronium Annihilation Drive + 2.2.3 Yaw/Pitch/Retro and Braking Control Rockets o 2.3 Defensive Weapons + 2.3.1 Force Field Projector o 2.4 Cryogenic Suspended Animation o 2.5 Navigational Guidance System o 2.6 Computers and Communications + 2.6.1 Computers + 2.6.2 Communications o 2.7 Environmental Control Systems + 2.7.1 Artificial Gravity + 2.7.2 Cabin Pressure Control + 2.7.3 Comfort Control + 2.7.4 Airlocks + 2.7.5 Staterooms + 2.7.6 Spacesuits o 2.8 Landing Gear/Exterior Lighting o 2.9 Laboratory/Workshop o 2.10 Food Preparation and Storage + 2.10.1 Galley/Food Storage Units + 2.10.2 Off-Campsite Food Preparation + 2.10.3 Hydroponic Farming
 * 1 Mission History
 * 2 Function and Equipment Description
 * 3 Notes

Mission History
The early pre-launch countdown which commenced at zero minus 48 hours proceeded smoothly. During the final portion of the countdown, some problems did develop, including power failures, etc. (see Table 3) for a detailed account of the sequences occurring during the launch). The Jupiter 2 lifted off at 8:17 pm (EST) on the scheduled date, and for the first 50 million miles the craft was intended to be controlled by radio telemetry from Earthbound and lunar tracking stations. Alpha Control’s records indicate that almost immediately after leaving Earth orbit, the Jupiter 2 began to deviate from its planned trajectory. Lunar tracking station #2 Omega, reported a negative flight profile, but all attempts to initiate a course correction using vector telemetry were ineffective. The flight deviation was simulated at Alpha Control’s main computer complex in Houston and calculations indicated a 200 pound excess weight condition aboard the spacecraft, which we now know to be the result of Dr. Zachary Smith’s presence on board the troubled ship. The Jupiter 2’s payload had been calculated to within a fraction of an ounce, therefore the automatic navigator, not having been programmed for an excess weight condition of this magnitude, was powerless to redirect the Jupiter 2.

The spacecraft, traveling further and further off course, headed towards a swarm of chrondite rock meteorites. Remote telemetry indicated that fires had broken out behind all magnapanels, and the flight controls had been severely damaged. Later, Lunar Tracking Station Copernicus reported a sudden increase in speed of the Jupiter 2, which proceeded to travel beyond the range of all tracking facilities. No further communications were received, and in an October 21 press release, Alpha Control representatives theorized that further damage may have been caused by the premature activation of the spacecraft’s environmental control robot, and that sabotage of the robot’s programming was suspected.

The next contact was reported in December of 1998 [1] when word of an alleged incident involving Will Robinson was received by Colonel Mason at Alpha Control. Mrs. Clara Sims and Sheriff George Baxendale of Hatfield Four Corners, Vermont, filed depositions that the youngest Robinson had visited them for nearly four hours after traveling on a maser beam from an unknown planet on which the Robinson’s had crashed, which they had named Priplanus. Will reportedly returned, in full view of a number of townspeople, back to Priplanus on another maser beam. Even though photographs and descriptions matched the boy, and a Jupiter 2 portable communication device was recovered and identified, Alpha Control requested a news blackout, as the entire incident was scientifically unexplainable at the time. The townspeople, wishing to avoid publicity, readily agreed.

In April of 1999[2], contact was reported by Alpha Control telemetry operators with John Robinson. At that time he reported that the Jupiter 2 had exhausted its supply of fuel to thrusters and was unable to shunt fuel from the main systems in time to make a course correction for Earth. This incident was not reported to the public due to the difficulty in confirming the facts. Neither was another incident a year later[3], when a hostile alien craft attempted to land on the Earth while it was warded off by missiles. The craft, which landed[4] but immediately lifted off again, bore more than a passing resemblance to the Jupiter 2. Allegedly, a radio message from the craft, from Will Robinson, warned that although it was the Jupiter 2, it was under control of hostile aliens.

With the information recently recovered from the F-12 weather station[5], we are now able to piece together some of the incredible adventures of the Robinson family. We have confirmed that staff psychologist Zachary Smith, reported missing at the time of the Jupiter 2 launch, was a stowaway and saboteur. It was Col. Smith’s reprogramming of the B-9 robot to destroy several key subsystems that sent the Jupiter 2 out of this region of the galaxy under runaway acceleration. If it had not been for the fact that the Robinson’s were revived from suspended animation so that they could put a stop to the robot’s activities, their mission would have ended in catastrophe.. '''

Function and Equipment Description
'''

Complete Spacecraft
The Jupiter 2 stands over two stories tall and weighs over 1,100,000 pounds. The upper level contains all flight monitoring systems: propulsion, navigation, spectrometer, radar, communications, and computers. In addition, artificial gravity, cabin pressure, and climate-control systems are also monitored and controlled. Six cryogenic suspended animation “freezing” tubes were provided for the Robinsons and Major West to survive the five and-a-half year voyage with virtually no aging. An airlock provides egress from the vehicle’s main hatch to a non-compatible environment. Two additional hatches on either side of the elevator glide tube provide access to a tool/spacesuit storage area and to the Space Pod, respectively. A metallic rung ladder and an electronic elevator connect both levels of the spacecraft. Centrally located on the upper deck is the inertial navigation gyroscope (astrogator).

The lower level contains all propulsion machinery and electronic controls. Direct access to the atomic propulsion systems can be gained through the hatch next to the elevator glide tube. A fully equipped galley for food storage and preparation, a scientific laboratory, auxiliary control center, lavatory/laundry room, and three staterooms complete this level. A centrally located magnetic lock serves as the base station for the spacecraft’s environmental control robot. Packaged within the interior of the spacecraft is a smaller excursion vehicle (Space Pod) and an all-terrain vehicle (Chariot, unassembled). All mechanical and electronic systems were designed to function for a minimum of ten years, even under extreme environmental conditions.

Anti-Gravity Drive
The anti-gravity drive system was designed for use in vehicle liftoff and touch down. The anti-gravity drive consumes 250 megawatts at full power and is capable of delivering up to ten g’s of acceleration. In terms of the Earth’s gravitational field at sea level, this translates to 55,000 pounds of thrust. The engine is relatively compact with the major space requirement being for the circular track in the lower region of the spacecraft which houses the Thompson unitectic gravity field projector. Visible light is given off as a by-product of each revolution of the generated field. The anti-gravity drive is throttled back when the pull of gravity on the spacecraft is less than 1/20th of Earth’s gravity at sea level. At that field strength, the anti-gravity drive becomes ineffective, producing less than 200 pounds of thrust.

Important note: Because of the magnetic fields generated by this propulsion device, it can, and will, produce permanent brain damage in any life forms not protected by the freezing tube chambers during full-power liftoff. It is essential that all personnel be located within their assigned tube whenever 100% thrust is utilized in the antigravity drive to avoid the side effects inherent with the design. However, up to 80% of full power can safely be used without danger to the ship’s occupants. Under normal circumstances this would be more than enough power for any required maneuver, and a call for “full power” by either pilot or copilot when the crew is outside of the freezing tubes would automatically be understood to be a request for power at the 80% level. A built-in safety device must be overridden to obtain power level of over 80% of actual available power, which in some cases may be essential for a proper trajectory.

Full-power launches are characterized by a loud hum of the antigravity engines, and a glow around the ship caused by the magnetic fields being generated at the time. Such a launch was used to leave Earth. [edit] Deutronium Annihilation Drive

Deep space propulsion is accomplished with two deutronium-annihilation atomic motors. Theoretically, these engines are capable of producing unlimited thrust and speed. Photons of energy are created through deutronium annihilation in the hafnium carbide reactor chamber located in the center of the lower region of the spacecraft. The energy photons radiate through the Urns projecting from the Thompson field projector. These engines cannot be activated except in deep space. Operation within the atmosphere of a planet would result in life threatening contamination due to dangerous radioactive exhaust.

Testing on early prototype engines revealed that the deutronium annihilation process becomes unstable at more than 80% of maximum. Tests conducted in the stable operating region proved that the resulting thrust and terminal velocity were sufficient to propel the spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 5.5. years. At the last design phase, electronic safeguards were placed on the Jupiter 2’s central navigation and engine command sequencer to prohibit engine operation in an unstable mode.

Yaw/Pitch/Retro and Braking Control Rockets
For quick maneuvering, nine conventional liquid-hydrogen/liquid-oxygen rockets are employed. These assist in controlling yaw and pitch, and may also be fired to assist during liftoff or re-entry. [edit] Defensive Weapons

A variety of offensive and defensive weapons were included on board the Jupiter 2 in case the new planet was inhabited by hostile life forms. Two subcontractors each produced a hand-held laser pistol capable of a sustained 100 kilowatt discharge for twenty minutes. Ten pistols were included in the spacecraft’s complement. Four more powerful 500 kilowatt laser rifles were also included. All laser weapons are fully rechargeable. In addition to their obvious use as weapons, the laser devices were also intended to facilitate the clearing of land for colonization. A supply of 50 grenades, each having a charge. equivalent to one-half of a stick of dynamite, were provided for protection and to ease in the removal of larger geological features. In addition, the environmental control robot has an electro-force beam capability, and the Chariot has two neutron guns. [edit] Force Field Projector

The Jupiter 2 itself has a close perimeter force field capability. This system is controlled from the main console on the upper deck. A more-powerful extended perimeter force field projector was packaged aboard the spacecraft for use once Alpha Centauri was reached. This device can protect the campsite up to a range of 100 feet. The force field projector was unassembled at launch and placed next to the Chariot in the spacecraft’s hold. [edit] Cryogenic Suspended Animation

Six cryogenic suspended animation chambers (“freezing” tubes) were included to slow the aging process of the astronauts. The aging ratio is one day for 5.5 years of travel. This technology reduces body metabolism and heart rate by lowering body temperature. All body functions arc carefully monitored and controlled. Three static discharge tubes (one located between every two chambers) maintain the electromagnetic balance biologically necessary to keep the frozen human bodies in stasis.

The chambers were signaled by Alpha Control to operate at zero minus 45 seconds to launch. Medical telemetry provided data to Alpha Control throughout the launch. in the event of a malfunction, the onboard computer could reanimate the occupants. The flight computer was programmed to automatically terminate suspended animation upon entering the atmosphere of the new world. Manual controls were provided on the overhead consoles located behind the suspended animation chambers. In addition, the equipment could be tripped from the pilot’s console. [edit] Navigational Guidance System

The navigational guidance system consists principally of three components: the NGS scanner, inertial navigation gyroscope, and computer vector software. The NGS scanner protracts from an access hatch in the spacecraft’s titanium hull. The scanner locates three reference stars (Alpha Centauri A, Sirius, and Sol) relative to the mean galactic plane and supplies their locations to the computers. The scanner also monitors the procession or recession of the reference stars by measuring the Doppler shift of the stars’ light.

The navigation computers process all NGS scanner data along with a precise measurement of time supplied by the atomic clock to calculate spacecraft velocity and position. The spacecraft’s velocity is determined from the Doppler shift measurements of the reference stars whose radial velocities are known. Distance is calculated by triangulation. This information, along with the computed spacecraft trajectory in vector form, is continuously stored on magnetic tape to ensure that a complete mission history is profiled.

Each time the computer system computes a new trajectory, it automatically updates the inertial navigation gyroscope. Centrally located on the upper deck, the inertial navigation gyroscope was calibrated to the spacecraft’s mass at liftoff and is sensitive to changes in motion as small as 10 seconds of arc. A smaller but less accurate device was included in the environmental control robot as a safety backup. [edit] Computers and Communications [edit] Computers

Three main computer systems provide service with a 99.9999% reliability rating, necessary because of their importance in controlling every vital subsystem. Each computer is operationally self-contained, but all information is shared in parallel with the others. The primary function of the computers is to analyze all navigational data and control the propulsion systems according to the preprogrammed mission plan. In addition to flight details, all medical, environmental control, and food storage subsystems arc monitored and controlled. All subsystems and biomedical telemeters are processed and relayed to the communications subsystem for transmission to Alpha Control. The computers also interface with the scanners and spectrometer.

Each computer features 100 megabytes [6] of core memory which are fully protected via hard disk and tape drive backups. A 64 bit microprocessor capable of processing over 1,000,000 commands per second is at the heart of each computer. Up to 200 separate data channels can be multiplexed for recording on the vector tape transport. Human interface is all but unnecessary due to the computers’ advanced design. However, data displays and graphics may be viewed on the video screen located above the communications console on the upper deck.

In the case of a massive failure of the primary computers, the environmental control robot’s computers can be loaded with elementary mission instructions to perform critical functions.

[edit]

Communications
High gain radio and telemetry gear utilizing the X and Z bands (frequencies classified) were designed for the Jupiter 2. There are two 10 kilowatt transmitters and two receivers capable of recovering signals with as low as 100 volt/meter strengths. One complement is located on the upper deck beneath the video monitor and the other at the lower level’s auxiliary flight control.

Low-power transmitters/receivers are available in each of the following: Chariot, Space Pod, Robot, and within the helmets of the flight suits. A number of hand-held radios are provided for communication on the new planet’s surface. The Chariot is also equipped with a 150 watt public address system for emergency purposes.

Besides voice transmission, over 200 data channels can be multiplexed and transmitted, providing vital information from the space- craft’s telemeters to Alpha Control. Telemeters are installed to monitor biological functions, spacecraft trajectory and speed, vital circuitry, heat levels, and fuel consumption. All telemeters are monitored and multiplexed by the main computers before transmission. Video reception is permitted on the main monitor screen. Primarily, the video monitor was designed to be used with the spacecraft’s computers for data display. Television transmission was thought to be an unnecessary luxury, since all of the astronauts would be traveling in suspended animation, so no television cameras were placed on board. However, an experimental visual scanner was included for the Robinson’s convenience while on the planet’s surface. [edit]

Artificial Gravity
A by-product of the anti-gravity drive technology permits maintenance of normal earth gravity within the spacecraft during interstellar flight. A low power (20 kilowatt) inverse Thompson gravity field projector located directly above the Thompson anti-gravity drive provides a uniform gravitational field on both decks. Control circuits are located on the center main circuitry panel on the upper deck. [edit] Cabin Pressure Control

Cabin pressure is maintained at Earth standard with a 79% nitrogen/21% oxygen atmosphere. Since the crew of the Jupiter 2 was placed on suspended animation on the flight, the demands on the atmospheric control subsystem were anticipated to be light. Consequently, oxygen and carbon dioxide storage tanks are relatively compact. At normal consumption rates (out of suspended animation) the system can support a breathable atmosphere for six people for up to 60 days.

Controls for the cabin pressure seal and the oxygen bleeder valve are located on the upper level next to the tool/spacesuit storage hatch. Atmosphere circulation through the air purifier is accomplished through vents located on both upper and lower decks. The electronic air purifier is located on the lower deck in Auxiliary Control. [edit]

Comfort Control
The comfort control system maintains a 22° centigrade inside temperature. The system can cope with exterior temperatures ranging from the near absolute zero of interstellar space (-271° C.) up to 1650° C. Extreme thermal gradients caused by sun load can be withstood without the rotation of the spacecraft about its neutral axis. While usually computer controlled, there are provisions for manual operation. On the upper level, controls are located above the main circuitry panel next to the airlock. On the lower level, the controls are located in the Auxiliary Control complex. Heat is tapped from the heat exchanger around the hafnium carbide reactor chamber. Auxiliary quartz heaters will function when the atomic engines are not in use. Cool air is supplied from one of two available compressors. All processed air is circulated through the air purifier to the vents located on both upper and lower decks. [edit]

Airlocks
Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), if required, can be accomplished through usage of the upper deck airlock to the primary hatch. Interior atmosphere integrity is maintained while the astronaut is depressurizing or re-pressurizing the airlock chamber. Atmosphere in the chamber is supplied to and from the cabin pressure control system. High efficiency pumps allow pressurizing or depressurizing in only 15 seconds.

A second airlock located next to the suspended animation chambers provides access to or from the Space Pod.

[edit]

Staterooms
Three staterooms, located on the lower level, were designed to be functional and yet ergonomically pleasing. These rooms were specifically designed to be as homelike as possible for the colonists on the new world, and each was decorated under the direction of the Robinsons. Each stateroom features a full closet at the rear of the room with two fold away beds on each side wall. Book shelves are available above one bed, and a fold down desk is near the entrance. [edit] Spacesuits

The environmentally controlled spacesuits are designed to withstand temperatures ranging from minus 150° C to plus 150° C. The outer layer of aluminized Kapton II metallic cloth is designed for micrometeoroid protection. A glass cloth layer underneath provides thermal protection, and an inner nylon layer coated with neoprene prevents ballooning under internal atmospheric pressure. The innermost layer is a Nomex lining to protect the wearer’s skin from chafing. The helmet is designed to withstand 10,000 pounds per square inch and contains a built-in radio transmitter/receiver. A polyglass/metallic tether attaches to the Suit and can be secured to the spacecraft for extravehicular activities, if required. [edit]

Catacombs
Lower Deck hidden Cargo Hold.

Landing Gear/Exterior Lighting
The Jupiter 2 was designed for primary touchdown on three supports that protract from the outer hull. Each support is extended hydraulically and then mechanically locked in position. Ingress and egress to the vehicle is via steps on the number two support which lead to the deck-to-deck rung ladder on the lower level. Above each hydraulic support arm is a high intensity light beam for visual confirmation of the integrity of the ground supporting pads. Other exterior lights include the luminescence emanating from the Thompson field projector on the undercarriage, and the lights within the upper domed sensor array on the top of the vehicle.

The secondary or permanent landing mode was to be instituted after all testing had concluded that the new world was fit for colonization. Drilling rigs and blasting equipment were placed on board to facilitate the preparation of a foundation for the Jupiter 2. Once completed, the spacecraft would lift off, hover until all landing legs were safely stowed, and touch down within the foundation. This mode permits the use of the main hatch at ground level for ingress and egress. [edit] Laboratory/Workshop

Located on the lower level between the auxiliary control center and the galley is a laboratory and workshop area. In the center adjoining the back wall is a laboratory bench with built-in sink and waste disposal facilities located underneath. Several key pieces of test equipment - voltmeters, ammeters, and resistance/capacitance substitution boxes are included for the repair and building of electronic equipment. Microscopes, calipers, weight scales, and other mechanical inspection instruments are stowed underneath, along with a supply of basic chemicals for chemical and biological analysis. Three algae incubation units located on the counter opposite the service corridor are included for the analysis of biological materials. Each unit contains 12 Petrie dishes for the cultures to grow in. A pressurization valve at the base of each incubation unit permits any gas or atmosphere to be introduced. Also located on the base is a spigot for drawing off liquid. A computer terminal located overhead provides access to the ship’s computers for data entry and analysis.

Galley/Food Storage Units
The galley is located on the lower floor bctwecn the laboratory and the glide tube. It was designed for case of usage once the occupants reached the new world and contains a two years’ supply of bulk food including meats, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. In addition, an eight year supply of concentrated food pills and pastes insures that the colonists will survive if hydroponic farm crop failure occurs.

The center table comfortably seats six and contains controls for dispensing beverages, food pills, and pastes along a built-in conveyer belt. Bulk foods may be prepared in the microwave and convection ovens located behind the galley area and accessed through the hallway between the galley and laboratory.

Nutrient pills and pastes are stored on the wall near the glide tube in humidity controlled canisters. Blanched and freeze-dried fruits and vegetables are also stored in canisters. Two upright freezer units, which are located behind the galley area, house perishable goods. Other goods, such as nonfat dried milk and canned hams, are stored on shelves and miscellaneous cupboards located in and about the area of the ovens and freezers.

All freezer, oven, food purification, humidity stabilization, and mechanical dispensers are computer controlled. Read-outs and manual overrides are located on the back and left side walls. Once landed, these systems are priority one for backup power supply in the event of a primary power supply failure.

Off-Campsite Food Preparation
Conventional pots and pans may be used with a four burner electric stove if encampment away from the spacecraft is required. The stove apparatus also contains a high intensity overhead heat lamp for additional warming. All apparatus can be stored in a special suitcase and may be operated from a portable fuel cell power supply or directly from the Chariot’s power supply. Special thermal chests can keep food frozen for up to 7 days. A portable sonic dishwasher cleans and sanitizes all utensils.

Hydroponic Farming
A variety of seeds, including peas, squash, corn, tomatoes, onions, carrots, and potatoes, were provided for growing on fiberglass mats immersed in a nutrient rich liquid medium. The nutrient medium contains all 17 chemical ingredients necessary for high-yield plant growth. Four hydroponic stations are provided in case native soil conditions are not hospitable to terrestrial plant life. On board waste recyclers provide replenishment of nutrient supplies

Technology & Equipment
One of the most vital pieces of equipment was their environmental control robot B-9. The Robot was extremely strong, able to discharge strong electrostatic charges from his claws, could detect threats with his scanner, produce exact duplicates of small objects like a pair of gloves and could even detect faint smells (in "One of Our Dogs is Missing"). He could both understand speech as well as speak. In episode 8 ("Invaders From The Fifth Dimension") the Robot claims the ability to read human minds by "translating emitted thought waves back into words".

The crew had a variety of methods of transportation. First, there was the two-deck, nuclear powered Jupiter 2 flying saucer spacecraft. (In the original pilot, the ship was named "Gemini 12", and consisted of a single deck.) One critical technology aboard the Jupiter 2 was the suspended animation "freezing tubes" which made interstellar space travel feasible. When they were on a planet, the crew used an amphibious tracked exploration vehicle called the "Chariot" that had clear body panels and roof, seismograph, scanner, solar batteries, a gun rack and "gun hatch." The space "Pod" -- a small spacecraft modeled on the Apollo Lunar Module added to the show in its third and final season—was used to travel from its bay in the Jupiter 2 to destinations either on land or in space. On occasion, Prof. Robinson or Major West used what was then an exciting new invention: the jet pack.

For self-defense, the crew of the Jupiter 2 (including Will Robinson on occasion against his parents' wishes) had an "arsenal" of laser guns at their disposal, both rifles and handguns. The crew also employed a force field around the Jupiter 2 for protection while on alien planets. They also used small transceivers to keep in touch with each other when away from the ship.

The Jupiter 2 had technology that simplified or did away with mundane tasks. The "washing machine" took seconds to work, cleaning, ironing, folding, and packaging the clothes in plastic bags. The ship had no light bulbs. Maureen said the lights were "transistorized," perhaps meaning they were electroluminescent or built from arrays of light emitting diodes. "Protein pills" (a complete nutritional emergency substitute for whole foods) were featured in "The Hungry Sea" (air date: 31 Oct 1965) and "The Space Trader" (air date: 9 March 1966). In this, Lost in Space was ahead of NASA and Pillsbury which later developed "Space Food Sticks." Silver Reflective Space Blankets, a then new invention developed by NASA in 1964, were used in "The Hungry Sea" (air date: 13 Oct 1965) and "Attack of the Monster Plants" (air date: 15 Dec 1965).

On the other hand, sound and voice recording was less advanced, for example, using reel-to-reel tape recorders, and Prof. Robinson often put pen to paper to write journal entries in early episodes. The Jupiter 2

==http://www.alphacontrol.org/wiki/images/3/3a/G12LiftOff.jpg

The Jupiter 2 is the interstellar spaceship that carried the first space family, the Robinsons, into space on October 16, 1997. It is also the name of the mission whose purpose was to take the family to a planet orbiting the star system Alpha Centauri. Contents

[hide]

o 2.1 Complete Spacecraft o 2.2 Drive Systems + 2.2.1 Anti-Gravity Drive + 2.2.2 Deutronium Annihilation Drive + 2.2.3 Yaw/Pitch/Retro and Braking Control Rockets o 2.3 Defensive Weapons + 2.3.1 Force Field Projector o 2.4 Cryogenic Suspended Animation o 2.5 Navigational Guidance System o 2.6 Computers and Communications + 2.6.1 Computers + 2.6.2 Communications o 2.7 Environmental Control Systems + 2.7.1 Artificial Gravity + 2.7.2 Cabin Pressure Control + 2.7.3 Comfort Control + 2.7.4 Airlocks + 2.7.5 Staterooms + 2.7.6 Spacesuits o 2.8 Landing Gear/Exterior Lighting o 2.9 Laboratory/Workshop o 2.10 Food Preparation and Storage + 2.10.1 Galley/Food Storage Units + 2.10.2 Off-Campsite Food Preparation + 2.10.3 Hydroponic Farming
 * 1 Mission History
 * 2 Function and Equipment Description
 * 3 Notes

[edit] Mission History

The early pre-launch countdown which commenced at zero minus 48 hours proceeded smoothly. During the final portion of the countdown, some problems did develop, including power failures, etc. (see Table 3) for a detailed account of the sequences occurring during the launch). The Jupiter 2 lifted off at 8:17 pm (EST) on the scheduled date, and for the first 50 million miles the craft was intended to be controlled by radio telemetry from Earthbound and lunar tracking stations. Alpha Control’s records indicate that almost immediately after leaving Earth orbit, the Jupiter 2 began to deviate from its planned trajectory. Lunar tracking station #2 Omega, reported a negative flight profile, but all attempts to initiate a course correction using vector telemetry were ineffective. The flight deviation was simulated at Alpha Control’s main computer complex in Houston and calculations indicated a 200 pound excess weight condition aboard the spacecraft, which we now know to be the result of Dr. Zachary Smith’s presence on board the troubled ship. The Jupiter 2’s payload had been calculated to within a fraction of an ounce, therefore the automatic navigator, not having been programmed for an excess weight condition of this magnitude, was powerless to redirect the Jupiter 2.

The spacecraft, traveling further and further off course, headed towards a swarm of chrondite rock meteorites. Remote telemetry indicated that fires had broken out behind all magnapanels, and the flight controls had been severely damaged. Later, Lunar Tracking Station Copernicus reported a sudden increase in speed of the Jupiter 2, which proceeded to travel beyond the range of all tracking facilities. No further communications were received, and in an October 21 press release, Alpha Control representatives theorized that further damage may have been caused by the premature activation of the spacecraft’s environmental control robot, and that sabotage of the robot’s programming was suspected.

The next contact was reported in December of 1998 [1] when word of an alleged incident involving Will Robinson was received by Colonel Mason at Alpha Control. Mrs. Clara Sims and Sheriff George Baxendale of Hatfield Four Corners, Vermont, filed depositions that the youngest Robinson had visited them for nearly four hours after traveling on a maser beam from an unknown planet on which the Robinson’s had crashed, which they had named Priplanus. Will reportedly returned, in full view of a number of townspeople, back to Priplanus on another maser beam. Even though photographs and descriptions matched the boy, and a Jupiter 2 portable communication device was recovered and identified, Alpha Control requested a news blackout, as the entire incident was scientifically unexplainable at the time. The townspeople, wishing to avoid publicity, readily agreed.

In April of 1999[2], contact was reported by Alpha Control telemetry operators with John Robinson. At that time he reported that the Jupiter 2 had exhausted its supply of fuel to thrusters and was unable to shunt fuel from the main systems in time to make a course correction for Earth. This incident was not reported to the public due to the difficulty in confirming the facts. Neither was another incident a year later[3], when a hostile alien craft attempted to land on the Earth while it was warded off by missiles. The craft, which landed[4] but immediately lifted off again, bore more than a passing resemblance to the Jupiter 2. Allegedly, a radio message from the craft, from Will Robinson, warned that although it was the Jupiter 2, it was under control of hostile aliens.

With the information recently recovered from the F-12 weather station[5], we are now able to piece together some of the incredible adventures of the Robinson family. We have confirmed that staff psychologist Zachary Smith, reported missing at the time of the Jupiter 2 launch, was a stowaway and saboteur. It was Col. Smith’s reprogramming of the B-9 robot to destroy several key subsystems that sent the Jupiter 2 out of this region of the galaxy under runaway acceleration. If it had not been for the fact that the Robinson’s were revived from suspended animation so that they could put a stop to the robot’s activities, their mission would have ended in catastrophe.. ''' [edit]

Function and Equipment Description
'''

[edit]

Complete Spacecraft
The Jupiter 2 stands over two stories tall and weighs over 1,100,000 pounds. The upper level contains all flight monitoring systems: propulsion, navigation, spectrometer, radar, communications, and computers. In addition, artificial gravity, cabin pressure, and climate-control systems are also monitored and controlled. Six cryogenic suspended animation “freezing” tubes were provided for the Robinsons and Major West to survive the five and-a-half year voyage with virtually no aging. An airlock provides egress from the vehicle’s main hatch to a non-compatible environment. Two additional hatches on either side of the elevator glide tube provide access to a tool/spacesuit storage area and to the Space Pod, respectively. A metallic rung ladder and an electronic elevator connect both levels of the spacecraft. Centrally located on the upper deck is the inertial navigation gyroscope (astrogator).

The lower level contains all propulsion machinery and electronic controls. Direct access to the atomic propulsion systems can be gained through the hatch next to the elevator glide tube. A fully equipped galley for food storage and preparation, a scientific laboratory, auxiliary control center, lavatory/laundry room, and three staterooms complete this level. A centrally located magnetic lock serves as the base station for the spacecraft’s environmental control robot. Packaged within the interior of the spacecraft is a smaller excursion vehicle (Space Pod) and an all-terrain vehicle (Chariot, unassembled). All mechanical and electronic systems were designed to function for a minimum of ten years, even under extreme environmental conditions. [edit] Drive Systems [edit] Anti-Gravity Drive

The anti-gravity drive system was designed for use in vehicle liftoff and touch down. The anti-gravity drive consumes 250 megawatts at full power and is capable of delivering up to ten g’s of acceleration. In terms of the Earth’s gravitational field at sea level, this translates to 55,000 pounds of thrust. The engine is relatively compact with the major space requirement being for the circular track in the lower region of the spacecraft which houses the Thompson unitectic gravity field projector. Visible light is given off as a by-product of each revolution of the generated field. The anti-gravity drive is throttled back when the pull of gravity on the spacecraft is less than 1/20th of Earth’s gravity at sea level. At that field strength, the anti-gravity drive becomes ineffective, producing less than 200 pounds of thrust.

Important note: Because of the magnetic fields generated by this propulsion device, it can, and will, produce permanent brain damage in any life forms not protected by the freezing tube chambers during full-power liftoff. It is essential that all personnel be located within their assigned tube whenever 100% thrust is utilized in the antigravity drive to avoid the side effects inherent with the design. However, up to 80% of full power can safely be used without danger to the ship’s occupants. Under normal circumstances this would be more than enough power for any required maneuver, and a call for “full power” by either pilot or copilot when the crew is outside of the freezing tubes would automatically be understood to be a request for power at the 80% level. A built-in safety device must be overridden to obtain power level of over 80% of actual available power, which in some cases may be essential for a proper trajectory.

Full-power launches are characterized by a loud hum of the antigravity engines, and a glow around the ship caused by the magnetic fields being generated at the time. Such a launch was used to leave Earth. [edit] Deutronium Annihilation Drive

Deep space propulsion is accomplished with two deutronium-annihilation atomic motors. Theoretically, these engines are capable of producing unlimited thrust and speed. Photons of energy are created through deutronium annihilation in the hafnium carbide reactor chamber located in the center of the lower region of the spacecraft. The energy photons radiate through the Urns projecting from the Thompson field projector. These engines cannot be activated except in deep space. Operation within the atmosphere of a planet would result in life threatening contamination due to dangerous radioactive exhaust.

Testing on early prototype engines revealed that the deutronium annihilation process becomes unstable at more than 80% of maximum. Tests conducted in the stable operating region proved that the resulting thrust and terminal velocity were sufficient to propel the spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 5.5. years. At the last design phase, electronic safeguards were placed on the Jupiter 2’s central navigation and engine command sequencer to prohibit engine operation in an unstable mode. [edit]

Yaw/Pitch/Retro and Braking Control Rockets
For quick maneuvering, nine conventional liquid-hydrogen/liquid-oxygen rockets are employed. These assist in controlling yaw and pitch, and may also be fired to assist during liftoff or re-entry. [edit] Defensive Weapons

A variety of offensive and defensive weapons were included on board the Jupiter 2 in case the new planet was inhabited by hostile life forms. Two subcontractors each produced a hand-held laser pistol capable of a sustained 100 kilowatt discharge for twenty minutes. Ten pistols were included in the spacecraft’s complement. Four more powerful 500 kilowatt laser rifles were also included. All laser weapons are fully rechargeable. In addition to their obvious use as weapons, the laser devices were also intended to facilitate the clearing of land for colonization. A supply of 50 grenades, each having a charge. equivalent to one-half of a stick of dynamite, were provided for protection and to ease in the removal of larger geological features. In addition, the environmental control robot has an electro-force beam capability, and the Chariot has two neutron guns. [edit] Force Field Projector

The Jupiter 2 itself has a close perimeter force field capability. This system is controlled from the main console on the upper deck. A more-powerful extended perimeter force field projector was packaged aboard the spacecraft for use once Alpha Centauri was reached. This device can protect the campsite up to a range of 100 feet. The force field projector was unassembled at launch and placed next to the Chariot in the spacecraft’s hold. [edit] Cryogenic Suspended Animation

Six cryogenic suspended animation chambers (“freezing” tubes) were included to slow the aging process of the astronauts. The aging ratio is one day for 5.5 years of travel. This technology reduces body metabolism and heart rate by lowering body temperature. All body functions arc carefully monitored and controlled. Three static discharge tubes (one located between every two chambers) maintain the electromagnetic balance biologically necessary to keep the frozen human bodies in stasis.

The chambers were signaled by Alpha Control to operate at zero minus 45 seconds to launch. Medical telemetry provided data to Alpha Control throughout the launch. in the event of a malfunction, the onboard computer could reanimate the occupants. The flight computer was programmed to automatically terminate suspended animation upon entering the atmosphere of the new world. Manual controls were provided on the overhead consoles located behind the suspended animation chambers. In addition, the equipment could be tripped from the pilot’s console. [edit] Navigational Guidance System

The navigational guidance system consists principally of three components: the NGS scanner, inertial navigation gyroscope, and computer vector software. The NGS scanner protracts from an access hatch in the spacecraft’s titanium hull. The scanner locates three reference stars (Alpha Centauri A, Sirius, and Sol) relative to the mean galactic plane and supplies their locations to the computers. The scanner also monitors the procession or recession of the reference stars by measuring the Doppler shift of the stars’ light.

The navigation computers process all NGS scanner data along with a precise measurement of time supplied by the atomic clock to calculate spacecraft velocity and position. The spacecraft’s velocity is determined from the Doppler shift measurements of the reference stars whose radial velocities are known. Distance is calculated by triangulation. This information, along with the computed spacecraft trajectory in vector form, is continuously stored on magnetic tape to ensure that a complete mission history is profiled.

Each time the computer system computes a new trajectory, it automatically updates the inertial navigation gyroscope. Centrally located on the upper deck, the inertial navigation gyroscope was calibrated to the spacecraft’s mass at liftoff and is sensitive to changes in motion as small as 10 seconds of arc. A smaller but less accurate device was included in the environmental control robot as a safety backup. [edit] Computers and Communications [edit] Computers

Three main computer systems provide service with a 99.9999% reliability rating, necessary because of their importance in controlling every vital subsystem. Each computer is operationally self-contained, but all information is shared in parallel with the others. The primary function of the computers is to analyze all navigational data and control the propulsion systems according to the preprogrammed mission plan. In addition to flight details, all medical, environmental control, and food storage subsystems arc monitored and controlled. All subsystems and biomedical telemeters are processed and relayed to the communications subsystem for transmission to Alpha Control. The computers also interface with the scanners and spectrometer.

Each computer features 100 megabytes [6] of core memory which are fully protected via hard disk and tape drive backups. A 64 bit microprocessor capable of processing over 1,000,000 commands per second is at the heart of each computer. Up to 200 separate data channels can be multiplexed for recording on the vector tape transport. Human interface is all but unnecessary due to the computers’ advanced design. However, data displays and graphics may be viewed on the video screen located above the communications console on the upper deck.

In the case of a massive failure of the primary computers, the environmental control robot’s computers can be loaded with elementary mission instructions to perform critical functions.

[edit]

Communications
High gain radio and telemetry gear utilizing the X and Z bands (frequencies classified) were designed for the Jupiter 2. There are two 10 kilowatt transmitters and two receivers capable of recovering signals with as low as 100 volt/meter strengths. One complement is located on the upper deck beneath the video monitor and the other at the lower level’s auxiliary flight control.

Low-power transmitters/receivers are available in each of the following: Chariot, Space Pod, Robot, and within the helmets of the flight suits. A number of hand-held radios are provided for communication on the new planet’s surface. The Chariot is also equipped with a 150 watt public address system for emergency purposes.

Besides voice transmission, over 200 data channels can be multiplexed and transmitted, providing vital information from the space- craft’s telemeters to Alpha Control. Telemeters are installed to monitor biological functions, spacecraft trajectory and speed, vital circuitry, heat levels, and fuel consumption. All telemeters are monitored and multiplexed by the main computers before transmission. Video reception is permitted on the main monitor screen. Primarily, the video monitor was designed to be used with the spacecraft’s computers for data display. Television transmission was thought to be an unnecessary luxury, since all of the astronauts would be traveling in suspended animation, so no television cameras were placed on board. However, an experimental visual scanner was included for the Robinson’s convenience while on the planet’s surface. [edit]

Environmental Control Systems
[edit]

Artificial Gravity
A by-product of the anti-gravity drive technology permits maintenance of normal earth gravity within the spacecraft during interstellar flight. A low power (20 kilowatt) inverse Thompson gravity field projector located directly above the Thompson anti-gravity drive provides a uniform gravitational field on both decks. Control circuits are located on the center main circuitry panel on the upper deck. [edit] Cabin Pressure Control

Cabin pressure is maintained at Earth standard with a 79% nitrogen/21% oxygen atmosphere. Since the crew of the Jupiter 2 was placed on suspended animation on the flight, the demands on the atmospheric control subsystem were anticipated to be light. Consequently, oxygen and carbon dioxide storage tanks are relatively compact. At normal consumption rates (out of suspended animation) the system can support a breathable atmosphere for six people for up to 60 days.

Controls for the cabin pressure seal and the oxygen bleeder valve are located on the upper level next to the tool/spacesuit storage hatch. Atmosphere circulation through the air purifier is accomplished through vents located on both upper and lower decks. The electronic air purifier is located on the lower deck in Auxiliary Control. [edit]

Comfort Control
The comfort control system maintains a 22° centigrade inside temperature. The system can cope with exterior temperatures ranging from the near absolute zero of interstellar space (-271° C.) up to 1650° C. Extreme thermal gradients caused by sun load can be withstood without the rotation of the spacecraft about its neutral axis. While usually computer controlled, there are provisions for manual operation. On the upper level, controls are located above the main circuitry panel next to the airlock. On the lower level, the controls are located in the Auxiliary Control complex. Heat is tapped from the heat exchanger around the hafnium carbide reactor chamber. Auxiliary quartz heaters will function when the atomic engines are not in use. Cool air is supplied from one of two available compressors. All processed air is circulated through the air purifier to the vents located on both upper and lower decks. [edit]

Airlocks
Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), if required, can be accomplished through usage of the upper deck airlock to the primary hatch. Interior atmosphere integrity is maintained while the astronaut is depressurizing or re-pressurizing the airlock chamber. Atmosphere in the chamber is supplied to and from the cabin pressure control system. High efficiency pumps allow pressurizing or depressurizing in only 15 seconds.

A second airlock located next to the suspended animation chambers provides access to or from the Space Pod.

[edit]

Staterooms
Three staterooms, located on the lower level, were designed to be functional and yet ergonomically pleasing. These rooms were specifically designed to be as homelike as possible for the colonists on the new world, and each was decorated under the direction of the Robinsons. Each stateroom features a full closet at the rear of the room with two fold away beds on each side wall. Book shelves are available above one bed, and a fold down desk is near the entrance.

Spacesuits
The environmentally controlled spacesuits are designed to withstand temperatures ranging from minus 150° C to plus 150° C. The outer layer of aluminized Kapton II metallic cloth is designed for micrometeoroid protection. A glass cloth layer underneath provides thermal protection, and an inner nylon layer coated with neoprene prevents ballooning under internal atmospheric pressure. The innermost layer is a Nomex lining to protect the wearer’s skin from chafing. The helmet is designed to withstand 10,000 pounds per square inch and contains a built-in radio transmitter/receiver. A polyglass/metallic tether attaches to the Suit and can be secured to the spacecraft for extravehicular activities, if required. [edit]

Landing Gear/Exterior Lighting
The Jupiter 2 was designed for primary touchdown on three supports that protract from the outer hull. Each support is extended hydraulically and then mechanically locked in position. Ingress and egress to the vehicle is via steps on the number two support which lead to the deck-to-deck rung ladder on the lower level. Above each hydraulic support arm is a high intensity light beam for visual confirmation of the integrity of the ground supporting pads. Other exterior lights include the luminescence emanating from the Thompson field projector on the undercarriage, and the lights within the upper domed sensor array on the top of the vehicle.

The secondary or permanent landing mode was to be instituted after all testing had concluded that the new world was fit for colonization. Drilling rigs and blasting equipment were placed on board to facilitate the preparation of a foundation for the Jupiter 2. Once completed, the spacecraft would lift off, hover until all landing legs were safely stowed, and touch down within the foundation. This mode permits the use of the main hatch at ground level for ingress and egress. [edit] Laboratory/Workshop

Located on the lower level between the auxiliary control center and the galley is a laboratory and workshop area. In the center adjoining the back wall is a laboratory bench with built-in sink and waste disposal facilities located underneath. Several key pieces of test equipment - voltmeters, ammeters, and resistance/capacitance substitution boxes are included for the repair and building of electronic equipment. Microscopes, calipers, weight scales, and other mechanical inspection instruments are stowed underneath, along with a supply of basic chemicals for chemical and biological analysis. Three algae incubation units located on the counter opposite the service corridor are included for the analysis of biological materials. Each unit contains 12 Petrie dishes for the cultures to grow in. A pressurization valve at the base of each incubation unit permits any gas or atmosphere to be introduced. Also located on the base is a spigot for drawing off liquid. A computer terminal located overhead provides access to the ship’s computers for data entry and analysis.

Galley/Food Storage Units
The galley is located on the lower floor bctwecn the laboratory and the glide tube. It was designed for case of usage once the occupants reached the new world and contains a two years’ supply of bulk food including meats, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. In addition, an eight year supply of concentrated food pills and pastes insures that the colonists will survive if hydroponic farm crop failure occurs.

The center table comfortably seats six and contains controls for dispensing beverages, food pills, and pastes along a built-in conveyer belt. Bulk foods may be prepared in the microwave and convection ovens located behind the galley area and accessed through the hallway between the galley and laboratory.

Nutrient pills and pastes are stored on the wall near the glide tube in humidity controlled canisters. Blanched and freeze-dried fruits and vegetables are also stored in canisters. Two upright freezer units, which are located behind the galley area, house perishable goods. Other goods, such as nonfat dried milk and canned hams, are stored on shelves and miscellaneous cupboards located in and about the area of the ovens and freezers.

All freezer, oven, food purification, humidity stabilization, and mechanical dispensers are computer controlled. Read-outs and manual overrides are located on the back and left side walls. Once landed, these systems are priority one for backup power supply in the event of a primary power supply failure.

Off-Campsite Food Preparation
Conventional pots and pans may be used with a four burner electric stove if encampment away from the spacecraft is required. The stove apparatus also contains a high intensity overhead heat lamp for additional warming. All apparatus can be stored in a special suitcase and may be operated from a portable fuel cell power supply or directly from the Chariot’s power supply. Special thermal chests can keep food frozen for up to 7 days. A portable sonic dishwasher cleans and sanitizes all utensils. [edit] Hydroponic Farming

A variety of seeds, including peas, squash, corn, tomatoes, onions, carrots, and potatoes, were provided for growing on fiberglass mats immersed in a nutrient rich liquid medium. The nutrient medium contains all 17 chemical ingredients necessary for high-yield plant growth. Four hydroponic stations are provided in case native soil conditions are not hospitable to terrestrial plant life. On board waste recyclers provide replenishment of nutrient supplies

[5095_0173.jpg (large)]

Function and Equipment Description
'''

Complete Spacecraft
The Jupiter 2 stands over two stories tall and weighs over 1,100,000 pounds. The upper level contains all flight monitoring systems: propulsion, navigation, spectrometer, radar, communications, and computers. In addition, artificial gravity, cabin pressure, and climate-control systems are also monitored and controlled. Six cryogenic suspended animation “freezing” tubes were provided for the Robinsons and Major West to survive the five and-a-half year voyage with virtually no aging. An airlock provides egress from the vehicle’s main hatch to a non-compatible environment. Two additional hatches on either side of the elevator glide tube provide access to a tool/spacesuit storage area and to the Space Pod, respectively. A metallic rung ladder and an electronic elevator connect both levels of the spacecraft. Centrally located on the upper deck is the inertial navigation gyroscope (astrogator).

The lower level contains all propulsion machinery and electronic controls. Direct access to the atomic propulsion systems can be gained through the hatch next to the elevator glide tube. A fully equipped galley for food storage and preparation, a scientific laboratory, auxiliary control center, lavatory/laundry room, and three staterooms complete this level. A centrally located magnetic lock serves as the base station for the spacecraft’s environmental control robot. Packaged within the interior of the spacecraft is a smaller excursion vehicle (Space Pod) and an all-terrain vehicle (Chariot, unassembled). All mechanical and electronic systems were designed to function for a minimum of ten years, even under extreme environmental conditions. Drive Systems Anti-Gravity Drive

The anti-gravity drive system was designed for use in vehicle liftoff and touch down. The anti-gravity drive consumes 250 megawatts at full power and is capable of delivering up to ten g’s of acceleration. In terms of the Earth’s gravitational field at sea level, this translates to 55,000 pounds of thrust. The engine is relatively compact with the major space requirement being for the circular track in the lower region of the spacecraft which houses the Thompson unitectic gravity field projector. Visible light is given off as a by-product of each revolution of the generated field. The anti-gravity drive is throttled back when the pull of gravity on the spacecraft is less than 1/20th of Earth’s gravity at sea level. At that field strength, the anti-gravity drive becomes ineffective, producing less than 200 pounds of thrust.

Important note: Because of the magnetic fields generated by this propulsion device, it can, and will, produce permanent brain damage in any life forms not protected by the freezing tube chambers during full-power liftoff. It is essential that all personnel be located within their assigned tube whenever 100% thrust is utilized in the antigravity drive to avoid the side effects inherent with the design. However, up to 80% of full power can safely be used without danger to the ship’s occupants. Under normal circumstances this would be more than enough power for any required maneuver, and a call for “full power” by either pilot or copilot when the crew is outside of the freezing tubes would automatically be understood to be a request for power at the 80% level. A built-in safety device must be overridden to obtain power level of over 80% of actual available power, which in some cases may be essential for a proper trajectory.

Full-power launches are characterized by a loud hum of the antigravity engines, and a glow around the ship caused by the magnetic fields being generated at the time. Such a launch was used to leave Earth. [edit] Deutronium Annihilation Drive

Deep space propulsion is accomplished with two deutronium-annihilation atomic motors. Theoretically, these engines are capable of producing unlimited thrust and speed. Photons of energy are created through deutronium annihilation in the hafnium carbide reactor chamber located in the center of the lower region of the spacecraft. The energy photons radiate through the Urns projecting from the Thompson field projector. These engines cannot be activated except in deep space. Operation within the atmosphere of a planet would result in life threatening contamination due to dangerous radioactive exhaust.

Testing on early prototype engines revealed that the deutronium annihilation process becomes unstable at more than 80% of maximum. Tests conducted in the stable operating region proved that the resulting thrust and terminal velocity were sufficient to propel the spacecraft to Alpha Centauri in 5.5. years. At the last design phase, electronic safeguards were placed on the Jupiter 2’s central navigation and engine command sequencer to prohibit engine operation in an unstable mode.

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