Atlantean Star Castles

August 10, 2008

Atlantean Star Castles
A fictional floating base of operations,used by Atlanteans mostly and other elder races,existing within the Maveric Universe.

.ype:	Orbital Docking Station

Owner:	Bajoran Provisional Government

Operator:	Bajoran Militia

Starfleet

Status:	Active (2376)

Diameter:	1451.82 meters

Draft:	969.26 meters

Mass:	10,120,000 metric tons (Tonnes)

Levels:	98

Crew:	300 to 2,000 (Bajoran and Starfleet) (Capacity: 7,000)

Docking facilities:	6 large docking pylon ports; 3 medium docking ring ports; 9 small docking ring ports; 6 landing pads

Armament:	48 phaser arrays (rotary mounts); 36 phaser emitters (stationary mounts); 3 phaser emitters (sliding mounts); 48+ torpedo launchers, 5,000+ photon torpedoes (after 2372 refit)

Defenses:	Deflector shields

5 Station layout Edit
See also: Deep Space 9 levels

Atlantean super space fortress's structure was unusual by Federation standards, classified by Starfleet as a "hybrid planar-columnar triradial structure". Its basic form consisted of a central core assembly containing most primary systems, connected by crossover bridges to a series of two concentric rings for habitat and docking facilities, and a series of three sweeping pylons containing ore-processing and additional docking facilities. The station had at least five hundred transporter jump point rooms.

In 2369 Kira Nerys suggested that the Klaestrons must be allies

''Rick Sternbach's drawings for a four-foot miniature (six-foot as built) specify a scale of 70 feet to an inch, resulting in a conceptual diameter of roughly 3,360 feet (1,024 meters). The visual effects department used 5,280 feet (precisely one mile or 1,609 meters). For Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Technical Manual, Sternbach compromised at 1,451.82 meters (4,763.19 feet), although the new size matches only Doug Drexler's images of the exterior in the book, not his cutaways which depict a smaller station.[X]wbm''

5.1 Central core Edit
The central core was a roughly cylindrical structure consisting of several terraced platforms containing various key facilities. At the extreme dorsal end of the core was the operations center and the subspace communications antennae, as well as the deflector shield generators. Below this assembly was the three-level Promenade, a public area for commerce and recreation. The Promenade also housed the station'sinfirmary, the security office, the Bajoran temple, and Quark's.

The lower sections of the core contained engineering and support facilities, including at least one large industrial replicator, the computer core, and multiple deuterium fuel tanks. At the extreme ventralend sat the six fusion reactors.

= Space station = A space station was an artificial structure in space, often built to support life. Space stations could serve many purposes, including research, defense and starshipmaintenance. Depending on their purpose, they may be referred to with another term, such as a Spacelab or outpost. Space stations could be in orbit of a planet, or be completely free floating in space. Originally Atlantean was one of the most historically, politically, and strategically important space stations in the Alpha Quadrant during the first half of the 24th century. The space station was constructed by the Atlantean in orbit of Atlantis homeworld during their occupation of the planet. Under Federation administration, following the Cardassian withdrawal, the station was relocated into the Star system's Denorios belt. There DS9 became a vital commercial port and defensive outpost due to its location near the mouth of the interstellar wormhole. It later became a key strategic location during the Dominion War, for both the Dominion and the Federation Alliance.

Space stations were used by the Atlantean Federation, the Sidaireans and other races. They could be used as outposts often located in 'frontier' areas or along interstellar borders,research stations specialized in scientific research, shipyards specialized in the construction of starships, or as an orbital component of a Starbase such as spacedock.

Stations that were positioned on the edge of the Federation border (like Deep Space 7) or, in the case of Deep Space 9, in neutral territory close to the Federation border, were labeled as Deep Space stations. The early station crew were: scientist father, scientist mother,and children, along with pets Clancy (dog) and Yakker (parrot). They lived in "Space Station One", a spacious moving craft with Hydroponic Gardens, Observatory, and 2 smallshuttle craft "Spacemobiles".The station had atleast one or more Star Palace Space Ships. e Station is designed to serve as a combination space research platform, mobile base of operations in support of other space missions, and space outpost. It has a powerful magnetic drive which allows the Station to operate in planetary atmospheres, hence its aerodynamic design, and also to accelerate to velocities approaching lightspeed during space flight. When we first encounter it on the splash page of the first story, it is quite some time after the Space Station has been dispatched to hold a position at some distance outside our solar system. Space Station image

The overall length of the main section, the deck-like hexagonal structure amidships, is about 100 feet, as is the approximate overall width. To forward on the leading edge of this section is the small transparent dome of the Space Station's control room or Command Bridge.Space Station Commander,of the Rank of Colonel and his military/science staff are usually directing operations from here. On the aft end of the main section is the large observatory dome ,sometimes called an Astro Dome with its powerful telescope.Behind that is The Battle Bridge-a sort of Auxillary Bridge and Weapons Room and The Engineering Bridge-ships upper Engine Room. The two "towers" are about 100 feet tall, about 70 feet long, and about 30 feet wide. They appear to be perpendicular to the main section in side views, but an end-on view of the Space Station shows that the towers' tops are actually slanted outward a bit in relation to the horizontal axis of the main section. The uppermost deck of each of the towers is a solarium with hydroponic gardens, and both towers' second-to-lowest deck is a hangar deck with a convenient pair of parking spaces for the Station's Impulse Engine/Paragravity Repulsor Drive-powered scoutcraft, which is called a [[Spacemobile. The lowest deck, at the keel of each of the towers, features clamshell doors concealing a docking bay for the automated supply rockets that fly out from Earth bases to replenish the Space Station's supplies.

An Atlantean space station was located around fifty light years from Deep Space Station One.It was sent on a long trip,that originally took years at Light Speed

5.3 Docking ring Edit
The docking ring was the outer ring of the station's structure, and was used primarily for moving and storing goods and for starship docking facilities. Twelve large docking ports were distributed around the perimeter, and numerouscargo bays were connected to these facilities. In addition, a series of six thrusters were mounted on the edge of the ring. These thrusters were intended mainly for maintaining orbital position.

Six large, sweeping docking pylons emerged from the docking ring; three from the dorsal and three from the ventral surfaces of the docking ring to give DS9 its characteristic spindly shape. At the extreme end of each pylon was an additional docking port (for a total of six on the pylons), which could accommodate larger starships up to those approximately the size of the Galaxy class. The majority of the pylons' internal structure was used up by ore processing facilities.

The docking ports where the docking pylons intersected the main structure had the capability of launching probes.One of the airlocks located along the perimeter of the docking ring was airlock 17.

Weapons fire directed at section 17 of the outer docking ring could cause the station to lose main power to the shields.

5.4 A51 Edit
A51 was a restricted area aboard Deep Space 9 that housed the station's deflector array controls and several EPS conduits. Rom opened a service hatch labeled "A51 | Restricted Area | Authorized Personnel Only" when attempting to disable the deflector array before the Dominion could fire an antigraviton pulse at the self-replicating minefield that was preventing Dominion ships from coming through the wormhole. (DS9: "Behind the Lines")

The name of the restricted area was likely a nod to the restricted US Air Force Flight Test Center (commonly known as "Area 51") at Groom Lake, Nevada.

== Support vessels ==



Deep Space 9 had a number of support vessels on hand. From 2369 to 2375, sixteen runabouts and two  starships had been assigned to Deep Space 9 at some point. Several were destroyed or lost.

During the first two years of their service, the runabouts were instrumental in the defense of the station and exploration of the Gamma Quadrant. The runabouts were even responsible, under the command of Commander Sisko and Lieutenant Dax, for the discovery of the Bajoran wormhole.

In 2371, with the threat of the Dominion becoming a concern, Starfleet Command assigned the USS Defiant (2370) to Deep Space 9. A few years later, in 2375, the Defiant was destroyed in the Second Battle of Chin'toka. On stardate 52861, Vice Admiral William Ross delivered the USS Sao Paulo to the station, albeit a little late. This caused Captain Sisko to comment that was "...no way to start a relationship." Starfleet Operations also gave Captain Sisko special dispensation to rename the Sao Paulo to Defiant. 

=== Active support vessels ===




 * USS Defiant (2375) - as of 2375


 * USS Rio Grande - as of 2375


 * USS Rubicon - as of 2374


 * USS Volga - as of 2373

*NCC-73918 - as of 2375

*Upper Pylon runabout as of 2374

*Sappora VII runabout as of 2375

=== Former support vessels ===




 * USS Defiant (2370) -  destroyed in 2375 


 * USS Gander -  destroyed in 2375 


 * USS Ganges -  destroyed in 2370 


 * USS Mekong -  presumed destroyed in 2371 


 * USS Orinoco -  destroyed in 2372 


 * USS Shenandoah -  destroyed in 2374 


 * USS Yangtzee Kiang -  crash-landed in 2369, deemed unrecoverable 


 * USS Yukon -  destroyed in 2373 

*Torga IV runabout -  destroyed in 2373 

*Ajilon Prime runabout -  destroyed in 2373 

*Empok Nor runabout -  destroyed in 2373 

== Atlantean build their huge city sized,floating fortress and name them star castles,since are fortified city sized space station,Star Palace are small,luxery star ship,that go into Star Ship Docking Pitts. ==

Atlantean Star Castles-is a fictional huge city fortress sized Atlantean Space Station. by Joseph Gilbert Thompson and Carl Edward Thompson.

A star Castle is an outpost,military and a mining colony above the planet  ,sometime located within the upper atmosphere named as such because it was perpetually surrounded by giant clouds or floating in orbit about a planet. Some Star Castle city floated 60,000 kilometers above the core of a gas giant,while hove above the clouds.Others have known orbit further out beyond star systems rim or around or within a Dyson sphere or Dyson ring.son It contained a large and famous luxury resort district on its upper levels, complete with hotels and casinos.

Contents[hide]

1 Characteristics

1.1 Layout

1.2 Government

1.3 Population

2 History

3 Behind the scenes

4 Appearances

4.1 Non-canon appearances

5 Sources

6 Notes and references

7 External links

1 CharacteristicsEdit

1.1 LayoutEdit

Cloud City consisted of 392 levels, in addition to level zero, a top-side surface-level plaza concourse. The level-arrangements were as follows:

Level 1–50: The Tourist District,[12] consisting of luxury hotels and casinos which made the city famous throughout parts of the Outer Rim.

Level 51–100: Upscale housing areas.

Level 101–120: Administrative offices.

Level 121–160: Privately owned industrial areas with an infamous reputation, known as Port Town.

Level 161–220: General housing of the facility's workers.

Level 221–280: Factories.

Level 281–370: Gas refineries and miners' quarters.

Level 371–392: Contained the 36,000 repulsorlift engines and tractor beam generators that kept the city afloat and in position.[13]

CloudCity egvv

Cloud City schematics.

The main saucer-shaped city structure was 16.2 kilometers in diameter, and 17.3 kilometers tall. The city floated 60,000 kilometers above the core of the planet, which was an uninhabitable gas giant.[13] Some of the nearby floating settlements, like the Vapor Room, and industrial platforms were also considered part of the city.[14] Six Gravity Control Generators were placed on the upper level of the city to regulate the city's position. During the time of the Galactic Civil War, the Rebel Alliance built the Bespin Government Center on the upper level.[10] The city's main function was to harvest tibanna gas, by using tractor beams to draw the gas into internal refineries.[15]

1.2 GovernmentEdit Cloud City was nominally controlled in all aspects by the Baron Administrator, though the bureaucracy and administration was controlled by the city's business leaders, known as the Exex, who did not consider themselves subordinate to the Baron Administrator. Furthermore, the Parliament of Guilds was a distinct faction which, by ancient custom, controlled the juries in all the city's courts.[16]

1.3 PopulationEdit The last official census placed Cloud City's population at 5,427,080. That figure did not count the droids.[4] As Bespin's total population was estimated at 6 million,[13] the city was by far the dominant settlement on Bespin.The Atlantean Star Castle is the Atlantean counterpart of the Colonial Atlantean Battlestar. The Atlantean Basestar has also been called a Atlantean Baseship and an Atlantean Battlestar in one episode, but "Basestar" conforms to the Colonial Atlantean ship naming system.

An Ancient Atlantean City Ship or Ancient Atlantean City Star Ship is a city-sized spaceship constructed by the ancient Atlanteans-as a means create a huge,mobile fortress or Star Castle,as used in the ancient homeworld,to help defend a specific region of space or colonial world. The best-known Ancient Atlantean city ship is Castle Sarkhon-the prototype for many future variations of future Star Castles,also refered as Castle Sarkhon.once the Ancients' capital in the home galaxy.A city-ship is a large vessel enough or mobile titanic space station,that served a dual purpose as a habitat,sometimes fortress,enembassey and territorial marker. Ancient Atlantean City Ship,also served dual multi mission function across the board,which was why the Ancient Atlanteans built these huge space stations,as floating cities in space,near Stargate Jump Points,orbitting colonial planets or hovering above the surface,in the upper atmosphere.

Under the Upper City,concist of three ringed sections,surrounded by three outer harbors.Civilian and Military,move around these canals,in and out.Movement along,the 5.7 mile channel to the outer regions.  Interaction between those living on this outer wall and the merchant ships filling the canal would have been minimal, limited to the entrance of the channel while there would have been absolutely no interaction with the ships in the city's outer harbor, that leads to the Cargo Hangar Deck and Docking Ring Pitts,for outside star ship trade. The entire circuit of the wall, which went round the outermost zone, they covered with a coating of brass,  and the circuit of the next wall they coated with tin, and the third, which encompassed the citadel, flashed with the red light of orichalcum

Early prototypes were simply small,fortified starbases,seen here with two upper levels,a central torus disk and two lower torus disk.A central corridor projected through the middle and held the whole castle together.

Ancient European Atlantis
A castle (from Latin castellum) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble-generally with an enclosed Atlantean Town or small walled city surrounding it,as apposed a palace,which generally a huge,luxuious home or manor of some noble or lord.. This is distinct from a fortress, which was not a home, and from a fortified town, which was a public defence. The term has been popularly applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses. Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built they took on a great many forms with many different features, although some, such as curtain walls and arrowslits, were commonplace.

A European innovation, castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries, after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes. Castles controlled the area immediately surrounding them, and were both offensive and defensive structures; they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as protection from enemies. Although their military origins are often emphasised in castle studies, the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power. Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes, and rural castles were often situated near architectural and natural features that were integral to life in the community, such as mills and fertile land.

Many castles were originally built from earth and timber, but had their defences replaced later by stone. Early castles often exploited natural defences, and lacked features such as towers and arrowslits and relied on a central keep. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, a scientific approach to castle defence emerged. This led to the proliferation of towers, with an emphasis on flanking fire. Many new castles were polygonal or relied on concentric defence – several stages of defence within each other that could all function at the same time to maximise the castle's firepower. These changes in defence have been attributed to a mixture of castle technology from the Crusades, such as concentric fortification, and inspiration from earlier defences such as Roman forts. Not all the elements of castle architecture were military in nature, and devices such as moats evolved from their original purpose of defence into symbols of power. Some grand castles had long winding approaches intended to impress and dominate their landscape-even the city surrounding it.

First Age of the Star Castles


The Ancients Atlantis 10,000 years ago created the concept of a Star Castle due to enemy attacks;upon outer Atlantean Territorial regions,who not stronge enough to be maintained by standard Atlantean Space Stations. The Atlantean Supercity and The Atlantean City StarShip concept was combined to create the new Atlantean Star Castle-mobile if nessessary,but a huge,fortified city sized star ship,with fire power,military troops,Atlantean Star Palace Starships,Star Destroyers and energy reserves to defend any region-even from the deadly Gravis-Rho doomsday mechines.

Atlantean city ship were circular-shaped platform dotted with buildings, with an internal volume comparable to every building in Manhattan. upon the upper platform,followed by another larger and still another larger level.The lower section was a hangar Cargo Deck,plus a lower Paragravity Drive Ring,located at the bottom,to help lighten the cityship,while also help maintain the structures hovering capability.They are powered by three [ Zero Point Modules]. The main defensive systems of a city ship are drone weapons, and an all-encompassing shield,that surrounds the intire Star Castles outer perimeter.This defensive Feild is partially [[.[8] The massive ventral stardrive allows city ships to launch into space and traverse galaxies via hyperspace,if necessessary.[1] The city itself is not airtight, so its shield must be active during space flight to hold in the atmosphere.[10] Star Castle carry a complement of smaller ships,.The Atlantis Expedition has discovered a multitude of advanced technologies on Atlantis, including long-range sensors,[25] internal transporters,[26] and sophisticated computer systems.

'Atlantean Battlestations

Atlantean Battlestations
Battle stations were designed for various purposes, including defensive and offensive combat. Defensive battle stations bulked up on shield generators, sensor systems, defensive fighters and evacuation transports. Offensive battlestations were fitted with offensive weapons-batteries, starfighter and bomber squadrons as well as anti-ship defenses such as point-defense cannons. The battle station hangars were often large enough to handle smaller capital ships in addition to the fighters and transports. Combat stations were known to keep a larger-than-average amount of combat troops onboard, and were often utilitarian in design.

Different types of battle stations were often separated by their mobility. Mobile battlestations, such as large capital ships, could traverse interstellar space and attack distant targets. Immobile stations were usually situated in orbit of a world and used for planetary defense or logistical support. Terrestrial stations were built on or around asteroids and planetary objects and usually required less volatile reactor cores than space-faring battle stations.

The largest battle stations were often designed with city-like structures on their surfaces. These structures mimicked terrestrial cities in order to make life more comfortable for the crew. Restaurants, shops and apartment buildings could be utilized even on the most militaristic of stations

Atlantean Star Castle
This massive, double saucer vessels measured some 5,800 feet (1768 meters) in diameter and carried a legion of Atlantean troops and 300 Raider type fighter craft .The Imperial Atlantean Super "Base Star” or Super City Station is the backbone of the Imperial Atlantean Star Fleet. This ship is massive being 1,800 feet (550 meters) and has a mass of 3 million metric tons. Not including the Atlantean Battlestars missiles, the Atlantean Base-Star-huge space station-smaller than an Atlantean Star Castle, but much larger than an Atlantean Star Base or Star Palace has much greater firepower than an Atlantean Battlestar or Battle Carrier. The Atlantean Star Castle also has three times the fighter, troop, and weaponry of the Imperial Atlantean Ship. It also has smaller energy weapons scattered around the hull.Any vessel that conformed to this design, could be considered a class of Star Destroyer. Even so, many models were designed with their heavy guns aimed to the sides of the vessel, obstructing each other's line-of-sight in other directions. The ship is protected by shields that are impervious to all but the most powerful attacks. The ship carries numerous fighters and can also land directly on a planetary surface. The mothership is equipped with an intergalactic hyperdrive, but it must use a Supergate to reach the Milky Way from the Atlantean home galaxy.

The hyperspace terminal owed its popularity to its location, near the hyperspace jump gate in the Stargate jump point system and the nearby hyperlane. Spacers of all types and species frequented the station. In a time where navigational computers on board starships were unable to calculate their own coordinates through hyperspace, the Star Castles,were also used as a local Spaceport served as junction for travelers in the midst of jumps from one spacial location to the next.Atlantean Temporal Guardians and members of the Legion of Time Sorcerers,will act as guardians of peace and justice through out the interstellar sector surrrounding the Atlantean Star Castle. [Replicator Wand]] Ancient Atlantean Hyperspace Terminal Space Stations were massive space platform, having no less than one thousand levels, each designated for various activities necessary for the successful facilitation of interstellar travel. At least three of its levels, twenty-three to twenty-five, contained were docking bays for incoming and outgoing spacecraft. These levels were frequently prowled by local pirates, who preyed upon unsuspecting travelers and looted their cargo if it was deemed of any value. Levels fifty to fifty-three were reserved for patrons wishing satisfy their appetites, where local delicacies such as Tauron ThunderBull pie were available for purchase. Prostitution was not an uncommon pastime among some outer region Spaceport's benefactors as well;although the Atlantean Lords may tell the local citizenry otherwise, brothels could be found on nearly every level of the facility, from level fifty-four up to one thousand.

A moat is a deep, broad ditch, either dry or filled with water, that surrounds a castle, building or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defense. In some places moats evolved into more extensive water defenses, including natural or artificial lakes, dams and sluices. In later castles the moat or water defences may be largely ornamental.An Atlantean Star Castle has a kind of Deflector Shield Moat-a low,invisable wall,that surrounds the outer most rim of the super fprtress.Like the ancient moat,it is used to defend the Star Castle,but can be atuned to send out in waves of electro magnetic forces,a huge wall of enegy,to whip oncoming enemy star ships away from it's outer regions.

Atlantean Star Castle have ability to "heal" itself of battle damaged basestar regenerates its damaged and truncated "spokes" over the course of the Star Castles long life,by the use of Replicator Boxes,located with various points of the Atlantean Space Station.Anythough minor maintainces are needed to various systems to adjust and prefect various systems,these Replicator Boxes,energy to regrown major sections of battle damage,by stimulating self Replicating materials such as Atlantium Steel

Atlantean Star Castle Layout
Atlantean Star Castles consisted of 392 levels, in addition to a top-side surface-level concourse. The level-arrangements were as follows:
 * Level 1-50: Luxury hotels and casinos which made the city famous throughout parts of the Outer Rim.Here is where the Upper Star Citadel is located,plus main Command Tower and Upper Deflector Moat
 * Level 51-100: Upscale housing areas.-mostly for the upperclass Atlantean and non Atlantean citizens to own.
 * Level 101-120: Administrative offices.
 * Level 121-160: Privately owned industrial areas with an infamous reputation, known as Port Town.
 * Level 161-220: General housing of the facility's workers.
 * Level 221-280: Factories.
 * Level 281-370: Gas refineries and miners' quarters.
 * Level 371-392: Contained the 36,000 repulsorlift engines and tractor beam generators that kept the city afloat and in position.



The main saucer-shaped city structure was 16.2 kilometers in diameter, and 17.3 kilometers tall. Some of the nearby floating settlements, like the Vapor Room, and industrial platforms were also considered part of the city

It also act as an Imperial Atlantean Embassy and floating City Community-since it is thought as a portion of Atlantean soil once anyone sets foot upon an Star Castle or similar Base Star or Star Base. Many Imperial Atlantean Star Castles also act as one of three billion smaller Starbase stationed scattered all over temporal space. A Star Castle is a defensive structure ,exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a building which serves as a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific territory. The chief distinguishing features of castles, as opposed to other defensive structures, can be defined as follows: Castles were places of protection from an invading enemy, a place of retreat. Castles were also offensive weapons, built in otherwise hostile territories from which to control surrounding lands. Castles were either built as, or evolved into, residences for the monarch or lord who built them.Often a Star Castle is an official intersteelar space station fortress for an Atlantean Lord or Lady and their Royal Family and friends or accociates of an Imperial Atlantean House or House Clan to reside in and use as a mobile or non mobile base of operations.The Imperial House such as the House or House Clan of Sarkhon and House Clan of Shaitanus often reside inside the wall of an Atlantean Star Castle. These three purposes distinguish the castle from other fortresses — which are usually purely defensive (like citadels and city walls) or purely offensive (a military camp) — or edifices that are entirely residential in nature, like palaces. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a building which serves as a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territory.

==Origins==

Origins
According to ancient Atlantean Mythology ,in Atlantean Middles Ages the castle was a fortified residence of a nobleman, effectively displaying his authority and feudal lordship over the territory associated with it as well as serving a military function. The castles were sometimes fortified towns with a fortified bridge which was very important against the defense of the Tauron,Tykhonean and Asguardians. The concept of a castle has stayed with the Atlantean culture,ever since.Many ancient nation of Atlantis have built castles,from the Northern Atlantean Continent of Thurainia to the ancient Tauron,Tykhonean ,Olympian,Lemurians,Muritainians and Asguardians. The earliest known castle is in the Loire Valley in Northern Atlantean Continent of Thurainia at Dalkhar dated 950 and it is were feudal society originated. Dalkhar,is speculated to be the origin of the name Delkhon ,that the Atlanteans gave to the Delkhoneans original homeworld. From the earliest times, walls surrounded cities and palaces, often of enormous thickness and of great height, some were surrounded by a moat, others flanked by towers. Some ancient fortifications date from periods so remote as the walls of Tauron City and the curtain wall of Ashar from about 1600 B.C. The main function of all castles was defense, everything else was secondary. They were always surrounded by a curtain wall, which was often supplemented by a reinforced shield wall at strategic points. Crenellated battlements and arrow slits protected the defenders, and attackers often also had to overcome a series of several gates. The main entrance was protected by a drawbridge and machicolations projecting over the gate, from which boiling liquids and missiles could be dropped on the hapless foes below. The final refuge of the castle residents was the stronghold, or keep. It was the tallest and strongest building within the walls, with a high entrance accessible only via a removable ladder or wooden bridge. In addition to being a watchtower and the centre point of the entire castle, the keep was also a status symbol. The main residential building (great hall) was called the Palas. The castle chapel was often installed in the gatehouse or one of the main towers (nearer my God to Thee!), and a small garden inside the walls provided herbs, flowers and vegetables in emergencies. Offices and service rooms were generally located in the outer ward.

From the 16C on castle walls had to be made increasingly thicker and stronger in response to the development of artillery. Only a few castles were made into mighty fortresses.. Instead, the nobility increasingly moved to more comfortable residential castles, Many, were sumptuously ostentatious and magnificent buildings During the third century ., the art of war made rapid progress so the defense tactics were improved. Olympian and Tauron already used gateways in the defense of a fortress; curtain walls and towers were also common. The Olympians governed for so long and occupied a vast empire.

Atlantean starbase

Atlantean starbase
An Atlantean starbase is a facility where starships are maintained and resupplied, and crews can relax. A starbase can be a research station, a military base, a place for interstellar trade or a seat of administration. Some starbases are also involved in the construction of starships. Atlantean Starbases offer various services to vehicles, from medical facilities to full-fledged spacedocks capable of refitting a starship. Atlantean Starbases can be partially or completely located on a planet surface, or be limited to strictly spaceborne installations. Some are a combination of a ground-based facility with orbital components. Atlantean Spacedock refers to a space station facility capable of docking starships for maintenance.An Atlantean Starbase are often non mobile or stationary military operations and Atlantean Base Stars are often thought as mobile military bases of operation.An Atlantean Star Castle is a bit of both stationary and mobile A starship is a type of vehicle that is capable of supporting a crew traveling over interstellar distances. Starships are capable of faster-than-light speeds using warp drive or other propulsion methods. A starship's specification is largely determined by its class. Vessels which are not interstellar capable (i.e. interplanetary) are generally referred to as space ships.

These massive ships are in a double or single saucer configuration, with a cityscape built upon their top metropolis section and unlike Atlantean Battlestars their external thruster or impulse and warp, drive must pull or push more weight than a smaller sized Atlantean Star Base ship. Instead the ships are propelled by a Gravitonic drive that is buried deep within the ship or super fortess that acts as assistance to the main impulse drive and temporal ward drive systems...

Basestar A basestar is a large capital warship of the Cylon Alliance.

Basestars are immense vehicles that, like their Colonial counterparts, the battlestars, serve as a combination of aircraft carrier and capital warship. They are capable of carrying and supporting over three hundred Raiders. Armed with missiles, over one hundred defensive laser turrets, and two long range mega pulsar weapons, the capital warship of the Cylon Alliance is more than a match for any unprepared or unaware battlestar (The Hand of God). Basestars are also designed for orbital bombardment of a planet, and, true to their name, also serve as a moving base of operations. Four complete squadrons of Raiders is the typical complement of a basestar (The Living Legend, Part II).

Basestars, and their fighters are the key in the Cylons' genocidal destruction of the Twelve Colonies and the battlestar fleet. To fool the Colonials, the Cylons split up their fleet into two destructive units: a massive Raider fleet is sent to the Cimtar Peace Accord rendezvous, while the basestars are deployed separately to attack the Twelve Colonies. Apollo encounters a Cylon Tanker near a gas cloud, which had been used (in lieu of the elsewhere basestars) to give extended fuel reserves that enable the Raiders to reach Cimtar. Apollo finds the Raiders soon after discovering the tanker and unsuccessfully tries to warn the battlestar fleet in time.

Only the battlestar Galactica is initially known to survive the holocaust and gathers an odd assortment of civilian spacecraft with the remnants of Humanity, leaving the dead Colonies behind in search of the lost 13th Colony - Earth.

Following the flight from the death trap at Carillon, the succeeding Imperious Leader sends a basestar under Baltar's command to seek out the Fleet. Baltar's basestar is able to follow the Fleet, yet stay outside Galactica's scanning range (Lost Planet of the Gods, Part I), suggesting that basestar scanners have a longer range than their Colonial counterparts.

Notes

This basestar class existed in the Re-imagined Series continuity, if only in appearance, and likely with a different command and crew structure. A model of an Original Series basestar is displayed in Galactica's new museum in the Miniseries, as well as appearing in flashbacks in Razor. However, because the new series does not use the same weapons as the Original Series, it is not really the same ship, as the the basestars in the Re-imagined Series rely on missiles for defensive and offensive engagements.

According to Encyclopedia Galactica, a non-canonical piece of merchandise published in 1979:

The basestar is modeled after the Colonial battlestar, however they are not highly maneuverable and thus rely on their shields and Raiders for defense. The shields themselves are incapable of withstanding repeated strikes from laser torpedoes, which can be delivered by a squadron Vipers, should they break through the Raider's defense.[1] Furthermore, the ship is armed with turbo-lasers and nutron cased laser torpedoes for space warfare and wide-angle space-to-ground laser generators for planetary bombardment.[2]

The core of a baseship is said to be "specifically sealed and shielded"[1], as it is the location from which IL series Cylons, in addition to the Imperious Leader, command from. The core can be jettisoned from the ship in case of severe hull damage and can travel up to ten light-yahren.

A third of the basestars are dedicated to the repair and maintenance of Centurions, but are not constructed aboard ship unless circumstances require it. The section is also dedicated to recycling parts from Cylons who are irreparably damaged; such parts are melted down and forged into all new parts.

In addition to the Raiders, basestars contain a "full complement of armored landing craft used for planetary subjugation".

A basestar (known interchangeably as a "baseship") is the most prominent example of the Cylon military presence. As the capital ship of the Cylons, the basestar appears in four forms in the Re-imagined Series.

Contents [hide]

1 Cylon War-era basestars

1.1 First Variant

1.2 Gallery

1.3 Second Variant

1.4 Gallery

1.5 Third "Guardian" Variant

1.6 Gallery

2 Modern basestar

2.1 Design

2.2 Command and Control

2.3 Armaments

2.4 Notes

2.5 Gallery

3 References

Cylon War-era basestars

The Cylons had deployed three different variants of Basestars during the First Cylon War.

First Variant

Basestar, 1st variant

Basestar, 1st variant

Race:	Cylon

Type:	Military

FTL:	Yes

Propulsion:	Unknown

Crew:	* Cylon Centurions

Role:	* Command and control

* Carrier / battleship

Armaments:	* Nuclear and conventional missile tubes

Defenses:	* Raider screen

Aircraft:	* 100+ Raider compliment

Aviation facilities:	* Central hangar deck

Fate:	Presumed retired

Other Images:	Gallery

The basestars in service during the 12-year Cylon War consisted of two flattened cones connected at the center by a thick pylon, giving them a conical saucer-like appearance[1] (TRS: "Razor Flashbacks").

Much like its modern counterpart, this model utilized chemically-propelled missiles (with both nuclear and conventional warheads) as the main form of offensive weaponry. Raiders were deployed from access points (totaling 8 in number) throughout a basestar's hull to provide defense. This design, as with later iterations, was capable of operating within an atmosphere (Blood and Chrome).

The origins of the initial basestars are unclear. However, as Cylons were a creation of man in the early days before the war, it is probable that man himself (through the efforts of various colonies) designed the various ships and weapons used by the Cylons for the use in intra-colonial wars prior to the Articles of Colonization.

A model of this basestar design is displayed over 40 years later on Galactica, as part of its planned museum (TRS: "Miniseries, Night 1").

Gallery

A first variant Basestar hovering over Caprica City.

Operation Raptor Talon at the end of the first Cylon War (TRS: "Razor").

Second Variant

Basestar, 2nd variant

Basestar, 2nd variant

Race:	Cylon

Type:	Military

FTL:	Yes

Propulsion:	Unknown

Crew:	* Cylon Centurions

Role:	* Command and control

* Carrier / battleship

Armaments:	* Nuclear and conventional missile tubes

Defenses:	* Raider screen

Aircraft:	* 100+ Raider compliment

Aviation facilities:	* Central hangar deck

Fate:	Presumed retired

Other Images:	Gallery

A second variant Basestar was deployed by Cylon forces sometime before the 10th year of the War. This class represents a small evolutionary step from the 1st variant to the Guardian Basestar, suggesting it wasn't a one-off design. This line of Basestars can then be linked to the modern design seen after the fall of the Colonies.

This configuration features two y-shaped hulls in tandem alignment, with a 1st variant-like top and bottom hull. Missile launchers are located in between the arms of the ship, along the central axis ("Blood and Chrome").

Gallery

A second variant Basestar over the ice moon Djerba.

A second variant Basestar launches Raiders.

Third "Guardian" Variant

Basestar, 3rd "Guardian" variant

Basestar, 3rd "Guardian" variant

Race:	Cylon

Type:	Military

FTL:	Yes

Propulsion:	Unknown

Crew:	* Cylon Centurions

* First Hybrid

Role:	* Hybrid research

* Carrier / battleship

Armaments:	* 36 twin nuclear and conventional missile tubes

Defenses:	* Raider screen

Aircraft:	* 100+ Raider compliment

Aviation facilities:	* Central hangar deck

Fate:	Destroyed, Battle of the Guardian Basestar, circa YR2 (2 ACH)

Main article: Guardian basestar

Towards the end of the first Cylon War, the Cylons built a prototype basestar that had roughly the same shape as the modern basestar. The first hybrids were developed for use with this model.

It is explained by Athena that a group of Centurions calling themselves Guardians fractured from the Cylon majority with such a basestar. The belief is that they escaped to the far reaches of space to avoid being shut-down in favor of their modernized, non-sentient successors (TRS: "Razor"). The only basestar of this type known to exist was destroyed by Colonial forces shortly after its discovery.

Gallery

Escaping the ice planet.

Modern basestar

Modern basestar

Modern basestar

Race:	Cylon

Type:	Military

FTL:	Yes

Propulsion:	Unknown

Crew:	* Humanoid Cylons

* Cylon Centurions

* The Hybrid

Role:	* Command and control

* Carrier / battleship

Armaments:	* 220 nuclear, conventional, and ballistic missile tubes

Defenses:	* Raider screen

Aircraft:	* ~434 Raiders

* Heavy Raider compliment

Aviation facilities:	* Central hangar deck

* 434 Raider storage bays

Fate:	Unknown

Dimensions

Width:	3382 feet (1030.69m)[2]

Height:	870 feet (265.17m)

Design

Modern basestars, built sometime before the Fall of the Twelve Colonies, are the same size as a Colonial battlestar, but are considered by the Cylons to be weaker than battleships in the Colonial Fleet. The shape of the newer basestar reflects its name, with two offset Y-shaped hulls attached at their centers by a single pylon, the warship has a distinctive "star" shape, which can rotate into a tandem-Y configuration for entry into a planetary atmosphere (TRS: "The Plan").[3]

General layout of a Cylon basestar.

The most unique aspect of a modern baseship is its organic nature. Composed of organic resin, and a large flesh-like interior, the baseship could be considered an individual organism in itself, and just like any other "injured" organism, the basestar is able to heal its wounds (battle damage) over time (TRS: "Guess What's Coming to Dinner?"). The organics are all connected the the ship's "brain", known as a Hybrid, which can control the ship's functions from firing weapons, down to performing an FTL jump.

They are equipped with a superior jump system and no visible means of sublight propulsion, lacking any engine pods or nacelles, but remain capable of chasing down a battlestar (TRS: "Exodus, Part II").

Baseships possess several conventional rooms and hallways, which are sleek but generally bland. Lighting plays a large role in the aesthetics and some rooms are furnished with clearly human objects, such as beds and couches. Humanoid Cylons project different surroundings to navigate ship corridors more easily, and to provide them with an individually pleasing environment (such as a lush forest). Data and other functions (such as analyzing visual information) are handled within a liquid computer interface that resembles a stream of water flowing over a luminous glass surface. Cylons can interact with the main computer by placing their hands in these basins (TRS: "Torn").

Command and Control

Baseship control room.

A basestar is operated by many humanoid Cylons. Up to all seven models of them issue commands for the basestar from a central command and control center. Consensus amongst models is the typical procedure, as such the process of deliberation and voting on decisions may cause the basestar to react more slowly than a battlestar's command and control in a CIC.

A basestar has a datastream, or computer network, which interfaces with the Hybrid and all aspects of the basestar's operation.

Armaments

A typical Cylon basestar is moderately armed, and relies on unconventional means for military strength. Generally, a basestar is armed with 220[4][5][6] missile launchers located on the central spire, and on the arms of the vessel, which are capable of carrying nuclear or conventional tipped ship to ship, or long-range ballistic (with Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle payloads) missiles to their targets. Ballistic missiles are able to strike planetary targets from high orbit ("The Plan"). Ship to ship missiles are easily defended against by Colonial electronic countermeasures, which lends the Cylons to rely more on the basestar's Raider compliment for for both offensive and defensive purposes.

A basestar launching missiles.

A basestar can carry up to (and maybe even more[7]) 434 Raiders, launched from storage bays located on each arm of the ship.[8][9] Upon launch, they set out to swarm the enemy target (almost like insects), while the basestar covers them with an opening salvo of ship to ship missiles. This tactic, suggests a reliance on overwhelming force to destroy a foe, since a basestar does not appear to have point-defense batteries, or heavy armoring.[10] Cylon basestars appear quite vulnerable to Colonial battlestars in close-range combat when fighter support is not prominent (TRS: "Resurrection Ship, Part II"). From this, it can be theorized that basestars are designed primarily as carriers for the massive fleet of Raiders they carry, rather than as a front-line main battleship. Their reliance on long-distance attacks with missiles and their complement of Raiders, as well as their overall fragility seem to support thi

Atlantean Star Castle Military use
In many ways, these Star Castles are more advanced than the capital ships used by many lesser species. The ships do not use ion drives or standard impulse drives, but a series of primary and back up drive systems to assist the main drive systems, like Battlestars or other similar space station or orbital space platforms, do but instead used the previously mentioned Gravity based propulsion system, to assist to help push the fortress in deep space operations. This means that the fortress ship itself does not use fuel for itself in normal space, but relies on a series of external bussard collectors or Bussard ramjet to sweep interstellar gases, such hydrogen to refuel the space station from it’s two side warp engines on either side of Star Castle.. The ship does use fuel to make Hyperspace jumps and does carry fuel for its fighters because they use Ion Engines. An Atlantean Star Castle or Super Base Star is slow than a Battlestar but that is due to the fact that an Atlantean Battlestar devotes a much larger portion of the ship to Engines than a Base-star does. The Atlantean Star Castle or Super Basestar is designed to make FTL jumps and is equipped to deploy large-scale missile strikes with high-yield nuclear and conventional ordnance Temporal Guardians /Imperial Atlantean Colonial Marines are station at each Castle at all times in times or peace and war, to lend assist to near and onboard citizens at all times. The Atlantean Star Castle are revealed to have two of these weapons on the upper saucer. Pulsars are a beam weapon more powerful than the average laser turret and intended to engage ships of the same magnitude as the Basestar.

Star Castles are far superior to an Atlantean Battlestar in every technical respect. Using an inertialess drive system, the Star Castle has a higher acceleration rate and can achieve greater speeds than an Atlantean Battlestar, of roughly 0.32 C. Her Turbo-Lasers are more powerful and efficient, rated at a low-end output of 100 Gigawatts, to a high of 2,000 Gigawatts per battery. In addition to the stated advantages, a Base-Star has a distinct advantage in heavy weapons, using her two Mega-Pulsar guns with a power output of 100,000 Terawatts per gun, allowing a Base-Star to take out an enemy capital ship in just a few well placed shots. If that weren’t bad enough, Atlantean gravimetric technology allows them to enhance the electromagnetic defense shield around their ships. While Atlantean Battlestars have this same technology, their defense shield system is nowhere near as efficient as the larger Star Castle type space station class... Atlanteans have always favored overwhelming their opponents with numbers, over subterfuge and tactics-when necessary. Many Atlantean Star Castles are large enough hold a Command Section or Star Citadel area, a city section surrounding it and a temporal drive section beneath the main city section levels. A repulsor drive section often maintains the Star Castles orbit around a specific planet or circling a specific star or star system, depending on the castles mission operation status. Command Section or Star Citadel area, a city section, holds an Atlantean star base area, which also contains the castles Star Manor, that acts also as the Atlantean Royal Family residence and the official territorial Atlantean Embassy location. The Imperial Atlantean Star Citadel often can dock upon the Atlantean Manor section and act as an emergency evacuation craft, if the Star Castle is under attack by hostile forces and must be used as a huge space station sized lifeboat.

Star Citadel
A citadel is a fortress for protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle.[1] The term derives from the same Latin root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen. Citadels are most often used to protect a garrison or political power from the inhabitants of the town it is defending. They were designed to ensure loyalty from the town which they defended.A star citadel is a small version of an Atlantean Star Castle-often a small section of it,than can separated from it’s main mothership fortress. In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defense should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system. A space station is a structure built or assembled in space. These structures are normally designed to be stationary, and can be constructed in orbit of a planet or other stellar body. The term starbase is often specifically used to refer to Atlantean or other similar Imperial Atlantean Starfleet bases. Atlantean starbases are usually commanded by a flag officer, and fulfill a major supporting role in Imperial Atlantean Starfleet. Larger Star Castles often have not only a flag officer such as a Imperial Commador or Admirel as a part of the High Command structure,but often also act as They coordinate starship operations and provide supplies and maintenance to Imperial Atlantean starships. Reasons For Building Space Stations.They concept of an Atlantean Space Station ,has been in existance since almost the very beginnings of the ancient Atlantean Federation of Worlds United Atlantean Star Forces Space Fleet in the Old Universe and was carried over into the so Called New Universe Alternate Realities.An Atlantean Star Palace ,is a small,mobile.

Star Palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking public figure. In many parts of Europe, the term is also applied to relatively large urban buildings built as the private mansions of the aristocracy. Many historic palaces are now put to other uses such as parliaments, museums, hotels or office buildings. The word is also sometimes used to describe a lavish public building which was never a residence; this use may be intended to convey that the building is a "people's palace", where a sort of civic consciousness resides.Atlanteans,have often combined the concept of a saucer shaped star ship.with the concept of a standard planetary palace,with concept of a hotel,office building,museum .state embassey and mobile base of operation.An Atlantean Star Palace is a small,mobile,often sole residence of an Atlantean Royal Family,where as an Atlantean Star Castle,is often a massive,cityscape sized space station,that not only can contain the residences of a high ranking public figure,such a Lord or Lady,Royal Family Member,but various citizens of the stated country.Star Castles,although can be mobile and be moved toward stratigic locations especially during time of war,often a Star Castle is positioned in a specific location,such an Atlantean interstellar territary or interstellar territary of an allied interstellar governments home space,such as the Terran Federation,Sidairian,Seraphian and so on.

Operations
Space stations are built for one or more of the following reasons: 1)To provide a defensive outpost, in order to protect an area or object of importance; Most Atlantean Space Stations,also act as interstellar Embassey Branche 2)To facilitate trade, acting as a corridor through which supplies can be moved between two starships, or a ship and a planet; 3)To facilitate mining, acting as warehouse which stores the supplies mined until a ship is able to collect them for transport. 4)To facilitate research into the mysteries of space. 5)To facilitate development, whether this be ships, new weaponry or new technology, including medical. 6)To provide medical facilities in a zero-g and varying gravity environments for patients needing treatment at less-than-standard gravity. 7)To provide maintenance and upgrade facilities for starships when they are not in use, between missions or require upgrades or repairs. Types of Atlantean Space Stations are as follows. 1)World Ships;the largest known Atlantean planetary sized space stations ever known to be design and built. 2)Moon Ships;Smaller known Atlantean moon sized space station,smaller than an Atlantean World Ship,but larger than an Atlantean Star Castle. 3)Star Castle;The largest known Atlantean type of small classification for a space station or star base. 4) Battlestar-a small mobile space station and star carrier. 5)Star Citadel.Smaller Atlantean Classification type of small classification for a space station or star base-smaller than Star Castle,but larger than an Atlantean Star base..Atlantean Star Bases and Atlantean Base Stars often can be clafficied,if they are large enough as a Star Citadel. 6)Star Bases,smallest known Atlantean Star Bases Classification type of small classification for a space station or star base-if smaller than a Star Citadel.

Unofficially, many starships are classified by their design type,to designate each type of ship or vessel from another siilar type design.Generally,the Star Ship manuefacturer will classify a star ship or space under a specific design type as a way for a star ships category warbook to catagorized each vessel or space station design type in battle or peace time operations.

Some Star Castles are 160 kilometers in diameter,[1][2] while the other are 900 kilometers in diameter.[3] Much of its interior space was devoted to systems required to maintain its massive superlaser and power plant. At the heart of each Death Star was a gigantic hypermatter reactor, which possessed an output equal to that of several main-sequence stars. Within this chamber burned a reaction of prodigious proportions, fed by stellar fuel bottles lining its periphery.

Splitting the station into two equal hemispheres was a huge equatorial trench approximately 503 kilometers in length for the Star Castle and 2,827 kilometers for the second Star Castle. This area of the station housed most of the major landing bays, drive thrusters, sensor arrays and tractor beam systems. Halfway between the equator and each pole were two supplementary trenches. The Star Castle was divided into 24 zones, 12 per hemisphere, each controlled by a "bridge". To further organize the immense amount of activity aboard, there were specific "sectors" denoting function. These included the General, Command, Military, Security, Service, and Technical sectors.Other section functions of an Atlantean starbase was a permanent support facility operated by Starfleet, consisting of space stations, drydocks, and/or ground installations. Starbases were hubs of activity and could serve multiple military and civilian functions, including:

Starship maintenance, repair, and refitting

Fleet coordination

Research and development

Diplomatic, administrative, legal, and medical services

Personnel training

Commerce and recreation

Defense of strategic locations

Most Federation starbases were commanded by Starfleet officers, often a flag Some, such as Deep Space Stations, were under partial civilian authority. Many Star Castles were considered the Diplomatic Residence of a royal family,such as

The first starbases were constructed in the mid-22nd century by Earth Starfleet. In 2154, the Enterprise was assigned to scout suitable planets on which starbases could be built. Among the potential candidates was the seventh planet of the Berengaria system. (ENT: "Bound") The United Federation of Planets inherited and expanded the starbase network. (Star Trek: The Original Series. et al.)

Death Star Drydock

A drydock on one of the Death Stars

Since service onboard the Star Castle was a long-term affair, the station maintained a number of civilian amenities to make the time aboard a deep space station more comfortable. Parks, shopping centers, recreation areas, and taverns such as the Hard Heart Cantina could be found in the general sectors of the station.[4]

Facilitating the Death Star's realspace propulsion were a network of powerful ion engines that transformed reactor power into needed thrust. In order for the Death Star to be a deadly threat, it needed to be mobile. Using linked banks of 123 hyperdrive field generators tied into a single navigational matrix, the Death Star could travel across the Galaxy at superluminal velocities. The incredible energies harnessed by the station combined with its great mass gave the Death Star magnetic and artificial gravitational fields equal to those found on orbital bodies many times greater in size.

The Star Castle's defenses derived power directly from the hypermatter reactor. Its faceted amplification crystal combined the destructive power of eight separate tributary beams into one single blast with the intensity of a stellar core. After firing a blast, though, the Imperial engineers had to recharge the reactor, which took at least 24 standard hours. Though the energy output of this blast could be scaled to fire at smaller targets such as capital ships, as was the case during the Rebel assault on the second Death Star, the two major instances in which the superlaser was fired were at full power at planetary bodies.

The Star Castle's interior followed two orientations. Those areas closest to the surface were built with concentric decks with gravity oriented towards the Star Castle's core. Past this shell of surface "sprawls", the Star Castle's interior had stacked decks with gravity pointing toward the station's southern pole.

Warp drive is a technology allowing faster-than-light travel through space, creating warp fields and forming a subspace bubble surrounding a starship, which, in turn, forms a distortion in space-time and allows the starship's movement to exceed the speed of light. The rates of movement above the speed of light are known as warp factors.

An embassy is a building or compound utilized by one government, within the territory of another, for the purposes of diplomacy. Embassies are generally in capital cities, while smaller consulates are found in other locations. Embassies and consulates are also referred to as diplomatic missions, and are considered the sovereign territory of their operating government, regardless of their location. Thus, an individual traveling in foreign territory may take refuge at their government's embassy or consulate. Many worlds and galactic powers have embassies on the Atlantean Homeworld, and the Atlantean Federation of Worlds maintains embassies and consulates on its member worlds and colonies and those powers and planets with which it maintains diplomatic relations. Many Atlantean Federation or Atlantean Alliance World starbases, especially highly-trafficked ones like many Imperial Atlantean Star Castles, have consulates.Star Castles,being of such a massive size and capability,can provide all the needs of other smaller Atlantean Space Stations,such as Atlantean Star Citadels,Atlantean Super City Ships,Atlantean Star Bases and so forthe

Details
An Atlantean Star Castle's overall shape is that of two saucer shaped Star Citadels joined to each other at their tips,set utop a huge,saucer shaped Super City Ship section. The cones are externally identical, and some of the functions that they house are redundant of each other. Each cone contains a hangar deck ring at its center, accessible from several large hatches distributed across the top of the cone.Unlike a battlestar, a basestar's hangar is closed with a hatch when not in use. All decks are connected by the Central Core,which runs the lenth of the ship,through several layers of the space stations various[[Engineering Deck] which allows access to any deck via a ladder or high speed turbo lift elevator. The Control Center, or bridge, is located at the bottom of the core; the Control Center suite also includes the ship's sensor control computers.

SCALE: capital LENGTH: 1,768 meters TONNAGE: 50,000,000 metric tons SPEED: 0.30C sub-light POWER: 1 Temporal Warp Drive energizer [15,000 Terawatts] 10 fusion reactors [100 Terawatts] STANDARD CREW: 1005 5 officers 900 warriors-Temporal Guardians /Imperial Atlantean Colonial Marines / fighter pilots 100 crew

PASSENGERS: 2,000 troops CARGO CAPACITY: unknown CONSUMABLE: MANEUVERABILITY: class B HULL/ARMOR: 2.8 to 4 meters SHIELDS: 40% - 60% SENSORS: Short/Medium range, sub-light, 200,000 m^3/s + SCANNERS: C at 300,000 kilometers WEAPONS: 100+ Blaster batteries 2 long range Mega-Pulsar guns 10 tractor beam emitters. FIGHTERS: 300 Mk. IX Raider class Fighter 30 surface transports 2 drop ships

Model Type: CE-BS Vehicle Type: Combination Battleship/Carrier Crew: 1,005 5 officers, 100 gunners, and 900 fighter pilots Troops / Passengers: 2000 marines

Vehicles: 300 Imperial Atlantean Star Raider class Star Fighters Temporal Guardians /Imperial Atlantean Colonial

30 Imperial Atlantean Surface Transports Temporal Guardians /Imperial Atlantean Colonial

2 Imperial Atlantean Drop Ships. Temporal Guardians /Imperial Atlantean Colonial

Help us provide free content to the world by donating today! Castle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Castle (disambiguation).

Windsor Castle is an official residence of the monarch of the United Kingdom and is over 900 years old. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a building which serves as a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territory. Roman forts and hill forts were the main antecedents of castles in Europe, which emerged in the 9th century in Carolingian France. The advent of cannon and gunpowder changed the needs of warfare in Europe, limiting the effectiveness of the castle and leading to the rise of the fort. Similar constructions in Russia (Kremlin) and feudal Japan (Shiro) are also considered castles. Contents [hide] • 1 Definition o 1.1 Defining features o 1.2 Evolution • 2 Architecture and development o 2.1 Early castles  2.1.1 Antecedents  2.1.2 The first castles  2.1.3 Residential Towers  2.1.4 Motte-and-bailey o 2.2 Defensive features  2.2.1 Keep  2.2.2 Enceinte  2.2.3 Gatehouse  2.2.4 Additional features • 3 Construction • 4 Later developments o 4.1 Innovation and scientific design • 5 Response to the advent of gunpowder • 6 Revival castles and the castle as a country house • 7 See also • 8 Footnotes • 9 Sources • 10 External links

Definition
Castle comes from the Latin word castellum. This is a diminutive of the word castrum, which means "fortified place". The word "castle" (Castell) was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to denote this type of fortress, then new to England, brought in by the Norman knights. In Spain, a fortified dwelling on a height for the administering authority retains its Moorish name of alcázar, whilst shiro also figure prominently in Japanese history, where the feudal daimyō inhabited them. A French castle is a Château-Fort, for in French a simple château connotes a grand country house at the heart of an estate, with non-military, purely residential function. When European castles were opened up and expanded into pleasure dwellings and power houses from the late 15th century, their "castle" designations, relics of the feudal age, often remained attached to the dwelling, resulting in many non-military castles and châteaux. In Germany there are two names for what would be called a castle in English, Burg (Burh) and Schloss. A Burg is a medieval structure of military significance, while a Schloss was built after the Middle Ages as a palace and not for defensive purposes. However, these are not usually palaces in the French style, but instead are styled on medieval mountain castles and fairytale notions, and from all appearances are often castles to an English speaker. In Celtic countries, Caer or castell (Welsh), dún and caisleán (Irish), dùn and caisteal (Scots Gaelic) are used. In spite of the generally accepted definition, the word "castle" is sometimes used to mean a citadel (such as the castles of Badajoz and Burgos) or small detached forts d'arrêt in modern times and, traditionally, in Britain it has also been used to refer to prehistoric earthworks (e.g. Maiden Castle). The use of the Spanish equivalent castillo can be equally misleading, as it can refer to true castles and forts (eg. Castillo de San Marcos); terms such as Fortaleza ("fortress") are in similar situations.

The Norman "White Tower", the keep of the Tower of London, exemplifies all uses of a castle: city defence, a residence, and a place of refuge in times of crisis. [edit] Defining features The chief distinguishing features of castles, as opposed to other defensive structures, can be defined as follows: • Castles were places of protection from an invading enemy, a place of retreat. This is the purpose behind such stereotypical castle features as portcullises, battlements and drawbridges. • Castles were also offensive weapons, built in otherwise hostile territories from which to control surrounding lands, as forward camps. In particular, during the High Middle Ages, castles were often built for territorial expansion and regional control. A castle was a stronghold from which a lord could control surrounding territory. • Castles were either built as, or evolved into, residences for the monarch or lord who built them. These three purposes distinguish the castle from other fortresses — which are usually purely defensive (like citadels and city walls) or purely offensive (a military camp) — or edifices that are entirely residential in nature, like palaces. Castles such as the Tower of London served as prisons.[1]

The Moorish Alhambra demonstrates an impregnable fortress evolving into a Royal palace after the Reconquista. [edit] Evolution A castle was not only a bastion and place for detention of prisoners but also a social place where a knight or lord could entertain his peers. Over time the aesthetics of the design increased in importance, as the appearance and size began to reflect the prestige and power of the occupant. Castles were built as defensive measures and offensive weapons, but often over time comfortable homes evolved within the fortified walls. An example is the Windsor Castle, first built as a Norman Conquest fortress; today a home to the Queen of the United Kingdom. The Alhambra in Al-Andalus incorporated both defensive and residential features, but after the Reconquista unified Spain, its importance shifted and it became a palace under Charles V. [edit] Architecture and development [edit] Early castles Ambleside Roman fort, Cumbria.

Star Castle Types
Super Star Fortress

Star Fortress

Fortress

Outpost

Antecedents
From as early as Neolithic times (between 8500 BC-2500 BC), people built hill forts to protect themselves. Many earthworks survive today, along with evidence of palisades to accompany the ditches. The Romans commonly encountered hill forts (called oppida) built by their enemies. Though primitive, they were often effective and required extensive siege engines and other siege warfare techniques to overcome, such as at the Battle of Alesia. The Romans own fortifications (castra) varied from simple temporary earthworks thrown up by armies on the move, to elaborate permanent stone constructions, notably the milecastles of Hadrian's Wall. Roman forts were generally rectangular with rounded corners. The Roman engineer Vitruvius was the first to note the three main advantages of round corner towers: more efficient use of stone, improved defence against battering rams and improved field of fire. It was not until the 13th century that these advantages were rediscovered. [edit] The first castles The earliest recorded structures universally acknowledged by historians as 'castles' were built in the late 9th century, and included wood, earth and stone structures.[1] Roman fortifications, or, when possible or needed, other edifices, were often turned into castles or similar structures during the early Middle Ages. A famous example is that of the Hadrian's Mausoleum in Rome, which is known to have been used as a fortress as early as 537, during the Gothic War.[2] Other late Antiquity-early Medieval castles survive in Brescia and Trento in Italy

One of the earliest representations of a castle from the Bayeux Tapestry. Construction of new castles in Europe is attested from the Carolingian era, but their construction seems to have been related mainly to the defence of frontiers and state properties, and the right to fortify was a royal privilege. As early as 864, Charles the Bald issued an edict ordering the destruction of private fortifications erected without his permission. However, changes took place from the late 9th century, probably under the pressure of raids by the Vikings and Magyars, and due to the general decline of the Carolingian Empire, and the consequent loss of centralized authority, which resulted in a proliferation of castles.[1] There was also frequent fortification of cities, monasteries, ports and rural settlements in this period. In 906, a deacon in Verona asked Berengar I of Italy for permission to build a castle in Nogara "due to the heathens ravages". As the Carolingian Empire broke up into duchies and counties, factions struggling for power created a military infrastructure, to protect their rights, their domains, and their followers. It is within this historical context that feudalism began to emerge. The early castle formed an integral part of feudalism: it provided a residence for the lord; provided protection for his followers as guaranteed by their feudal oaths of loyalty and allegiance, while the garrison of the castle was made up of the lord's followers, as per their feudal obligations. Many examples of defensive programs as part of feudalism exist. In the 10th century for example, in the Loire Valley, Fulk Nerra embarked on a massive castle-building program to control his county of Anjou, and neighbouring Touraine. In Normandy at around the same time, a military state emerged with a dense network of castles and feudal allegiances. Similar arrangements with regards to defensive and holding of territory also occurred in other parts of Europe around this time.[citation needed]. Castles were introduced to the British Isles around the early 11th century, by Norman-French followers of King Edward the Confessor.[1] When William the Conqueror executed the Norman Conquest of England, he brought with him the practice of building a castle to protect and hold the land, by then quite familiar on the mainland of Western Europe [edit] Residential Towers Some of the earliest recognizable castles were essentially fortified residential halls, enclosed by a defensive wall. Halls which functioned as habitation for an important person, chieftain or lord, and his followers, had existed since the earliest times all over Europe. During the times of uncertainty which followed the collapse of Carolingian authority, it became necessary to more strongly fortify the habitation and possessions. As a result the wooden halls were replaced by much stronger stone buildings as early as the 10th century. Examples include Langeais and Doué-la-Fontaine. [edit] Motte-and-bailey

The wooden palisades surmounting mottes were often later replaced in stone, as in this example at Gisors. Main articles: Encastellation and Motte-and-bailey The motte-and-bailey is a plan common to many early castles. An essential feature of this type was a circular mound of earth surrounded by a dry or water-filled ditch and flattened at the top. Around the crest of its summit was placed a timber palisade, a tower, possibly residential.[1] This moated mound was styled in Old French motte (Latin mota), a word still common in French place-names. In addition to the mound, a bailey or basse court of horseshoe shape was usually appended to it, so that the mound stood on the line of the enceinte. The latter housed the domestic quarters, stables, stores, a forge and a water well. These earthworks were dug from the perimeter area, leaving a defensive ditch.[1] In many cases the motte seems to be a later addition to an already existing wooden settlement, surrounded by a wood palisade. Lewes Castle, built by Gulielmus de Warenne, is an unusual example, as it featured two mottes.[1] Wooden castles were built up until the 12th century. A description of this earlier castle is given in the life of St John, Bishop of Terouanne: “ The rich and the noble of that region being much given to feuds and bloodshed, fortify themselves ... and by these strongholds subdue their equals and oppress their inferiors. They heap up a mound as high as they are able, and dig round it as broad a ditch as they can ... Round the summit of the mound they construct a palisade of timber to act as a wall. Inside the palisade they erect a house, or rather a citadel, which looks down on the whole neighbourhood.[3]

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Keep
Most castles, even from the earliest times, followed certain standards of design and construction. Generally, the central feature of the castle was the keep, or donjon, the main commanding tower.[1] The primary function of the keep varied, but usually it was a residential structure functioning as a redoubt in times of trouble, but could also be used as a secure storage area, or, later, as a prison. In motte and bailey castles, the keep typically surmounted the motte. Many early castles and certain later ones were nothing more than simple towers. The tower houses of Britain and Ireland, as well as peel towers, are examples of this type. Most, however, required outer walls of some sort. The keep was contained within the walls or attached to the walls. The area delineated by the walls was known as the bailey or the court, and the enclosure known as the enceinte.

[edit] Enceinte The enceinte of the castle is another recognizable feature. Essentially the enceinte is the entire fortified enclosure of the castle precincts. In some cases this area was demarcated by a simple defensive wall or barrier. More often the wall was surmounted by a walkway to defend the castle. As with Roman and earlier architecture, projecting flanking towers were usually added to the wall to improve defence. Later castles were built on a concentric plan, where enceinte walls (also called curtain walls) and towers formed two rings around the keep, resulting in an inner and an outer court, pushing the enemy further from the core walls and keep.

Carcassonne, France, showing the classic features of the enceinte walls, defensive ditch, cylindrical flanking towers, a gatehouse, and wooden defensive structures [edit] Gatehouse The gates were a weak point in the defenses of castles, so gatehouses could be strengthened with flanking towers, a turning or removable bridge, doors, and a heavy portcullis. There would often be multiple portcullises, with arrow slits in the sides of the gate passage, allowing the defenders to trap the enemy and kill them within the gate. Additionally, gates were often placed in such a manner as to channel attacking forces against a series of perilous defensive fortifications, enabling the defenders to defend on their terms. Many gatehouses had a second body. Archers in the second body could shoot down at their enemies while they were defenseless. [edit] Additional features Castles featured an array of defences to delay the attackers' progress towards the keep. Moats and ditches formed the most obvious, as these would have to be filled in before heavy siege engines could be moved towards the walls.[4] Overhanging wooden hoardings could be constructed if a castle was under threat. These covered walkways would allow several lines of fire.[1] Later, permanent fixtures known as "machicolation" were built in stone. Perhaps the most notable features of castle defence were the crenellations and merlons, which offered relative cover for archers.[1] "Murder holes" and embrasures might be built into the walls and gatehouse so projectiles could be launched at the attackers. [edit] Construction See also: Medieval technology and Stonemasonry

Construction of a large tower, with scaffolding and masons at work. Castles were constructed of wood, stone and also brick. A large number of contemporary accounts have survived that explain how castles were built. A large skilled workforce was needed to construct castles, including ditch diggers, stonecutters, masons, carpenters, and engineers. Medieval machines and inventions, such as the treadwheel crane, became indispensable during construction, and techniques of building wooden scaffolding were improved upon from Antiquity.[5] Nevertheless, castles could take many years to complete, although the time needed depended greatly from type, location, resources, time period, construction materials, etc. Finding stone was the first concern of medieval builders, and a major preoccupation was to have quarries close at hand.[6] There are famous examples of some castles where stone was quarried on site, such as Chinon, Château de Coucy and Château Gaillard.[6] Yet even without the usual costs of transport, it is estimated that as many as 800 stonemasons would have been used in building Château de Coucy in the early 13th century, as well as perhaps 800 other craftsmen.[7] Beaumaris Castle in Wales, has surviving records from 1295–96 which describe 200 quarrymen, 400 stonemasons and as many as 2000 minor workmen.[8] Castles, not surprisingly were expensive to build, considering workers and materials. For example, costs for Beaumaris, which was in and of itself part of a bigger castle program, was £14,500 (roughly $8–9 billion in today's money). In some cases, transporting stone over large distances was altogether impractical, and in the Low countries, a lack of good building stone meant that castles were generally brick. Brick castles were predominant in Scandinavia and the Baltic.[9]

Innovation and scientific design
Frederick II's Castel del Monte in Puglia has no keep at all: rising on a strategic high point, it consists of an octagonal structure with eight massive polygonal towers. During the Crusades, opportunities were afforded to western engineers to study the massive fortifications of the Byzantine Empire as well as fortifications built by the Islamic inhabitants of the Holy Land. The buildings they encountered in the late 10th century featured innovations which were not common in Europe at that time. This included in part regularly-spaced flanking towers of round or variable construction, and geometric scientific design. This revolutionized the art of castle-building in Europe, which henceforward followed these principles. Designers soon realized that a second line of defences should be built within the main enceinte, and a third line or keep inside the second line,[10] while a wall must be flanked by projecting towers. Thus from the Byzantine engineers, European castles derived the principle of mutual defence of all the parts of a fortress. The donjon of Western Europe was regarded as the fortress, the outer walls as accessory defences; in the East each envelope was a fortress in itself, and the keep became merely the last refuge of the garrison, used only when all else had been captured. Many scholars have noted that in the 13th century there was a tendency toward the strengthening of the enceinte, and a reduced role of the keep in both military and residential context.

Château-Gaillard, showing the wall encircling the keep. In Richard I of England's fortress of Château-Gaillard Les Andelys, the innermost ward was protected by an elaborate system of strong appended defences, which included a strong tête-de-pont protecting the Seine bridge.[11] The castle stood upon high ground and consisted of three distinct enceintes or wards besides the keep, which was in this case merely a strong tower forming part of the innermost ward. Frederick II's Castel del Monte in Puglia has no keep at all: built on high ground, it is an octagonal structure with eight polygonal corner towers. Round towers, rather than square towers, were now becoming common, with the finest examples of their employment as keeps being at Conisborough in England and at Falaise and Coucy in France. Siege artillery of the 13th century was primitive, but it was realized that against mining and battering rams, corners in castle stonework were more vulnerable than a uniform curved surface.

Krak des Chevaliers: a concentric castle built with both rectangular and rounded towers. The next development was the extension of the principle of successive lines of defence to form what is called the "concentric" castle, in which each ward was placed wholly within another which enveloped it. This was inspired by the Walls of Constantinople, and thus places built on a flat site became for the first time more formidable than strongholds perched upon rocks and hills, where some points could not be as heavily fortified as others for lack of space. In these cases, the fall of the inner ward by surprise, escalade, or even sometimes by ordinary siege, entailed the fall of the whole castle. The adoption of the concentric system precluded any such mischance, and thus, even though siege engines improved during the 13th and 14th centuries, the defences of strong concentric castle, or naturally inaccessible castles, retained its importance during the Late Middle Ages. Construction of castles in this period was often connected to the necessity to establish a strong central power against local fragmentation, or in newly conquered lands: examples are the large building programs of Edward I of England in Wales, Philip I August of France, the Ezzelino IV da Romano and the Scaligers in northern Italy, Frederick II and Charles I of Anjou in southern Italy (often reusing former Norman or even Byzantine and Lombard structures), King Denis I in Portugal, and notably the Teutonic Knights in their conquest of Pagan lands in Prussia and Poland. In Germany, stone structures appeared in Hesse, Thuringia, Alsace and Saxony, commissioned by the powerful local aristocracy. Structures in northern Germany were usually simpler, often taking advantage of water streams.

Response to the advent of gunpowder
The advent of gunpowder in the Middle Ages signalled a change in the purpose of a castle - from being purely a military building, it became increasingly a residential one. From the Renaissance onward, this loosening of military importance allowed for a more aesthetic approach to construction, for example the Castello Estense of Ferrara in Italy, the castles of Valderrobres and Manzanares el Real in Spain and the series of highly decorated castles built (or rebuilt) in France along the Loire starting from the 15th century Whilst siegecraft had consisted of throwing machines such as trebuchets, the primary aims in the construction of castle walls were height and thickness. However it became almost impossible to follow this ideal to cope with ever more powerful cannons. Existing castles which retained military importance were updated as far as practically possible to cope with new siege technologies. One example is the English fortress of Bodiam, built from 1385, provided with opposite slit to allow firing from arquebuses. But inevitably, those fortifications previously deemed impregnable eventually proved inadequate in the face of gunpowder. These included: Friesack Castle, which was reduced in two days during February of 1414 by Frederick I with "Heavy Peg" (Faule Grete) and other guns; Constantinople, the massively strong walls of which were breached in 1453 by the Ottomans after lengthy cannon bombardment; Nanstein Castle (Franz von Sickingen's stronghold at Landstuhl, which was ruined in one day in 1523 by the artillery of Philip of Hesse. Architects of the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance, many of whom were also renowned as engineers, were called to plan countermeasures; e.g. Guillén Sagrera, Giuliano da Sangallo the Younger, Francesco di Giorgio Martini, Baldassarre Peruzzi and Leonardo da Vinci. Viollet-le-Duc, in his Annals of a Fortress, gives a full account of the repeated renovations of a fortress (at an imaginary site in the valley of the Doubs), the construction by Charles the Bold of artillery towers at the angles of the castle, the protection of the masonry by earthen outworks, boulevards and demi-boulevards, and, in the 17th century, the final service of the medieval walls and towers as a pure enceinte de sfireti.

The rounded walls of Sarzana Castle showed adaptation to gunpowder. The general adoption of cannons led therefore to the disappearing (or to the loss of importance) of majestic towers and merlons. Walls of new fortresses were thicker and angulated, towers became lower and stouter. Examples of the late type of castle-fortress are that in Sarzana (Italy), that built by Henry VIII of England in Deal, the Fort de Salses constructed by Ferdinand II of Aragon and the Imperial Castle of Nurnberg. In the end, the introduction of gunpowder led to a disappearing of traditional castles, in the meaning of a building intended for both military and residential roles. This transition began in the 14th century and was fully underway by the 15th. In the 16th century the feudal fastness had become an anachronism. Here and there we find old castles serving in secondary roles, as forts d'arret or block-houses in mountain passes and defiles, and in some few cases, as at Dover, they formed the nucleus of purely military places of arms. Normally castles, when they were not let to fell into ruins, became peaceful mansions, or were merged in the fortifications of the town which has grown up around it.

Fortaleza Ozama, Santo Domingo - first castle built in the Americas. In the Viollet-le-Duc's Annals of a Fortress the site of the feudal castle is occupied by the citadel of the walled town, for once again, with the development of the middle class and of commerce and industry, the art of the engineer came to be displayed chiefly in the fortification of cities. The baronial "castle" assumes pan passu the form of a mansion, retaining indeed for long some capacity for defence, but in the end losing all military characteristics save a few which survived as ornaments. However, some true castles were built in the Americas by the Spanish and French colonies.[12] The first stage of Spanish fort construction has been termed the "castle period", which lasted from 1492 until the end of the 16th century.[13] Starting with Fortaleza Ozama, "these castles were essentially European medieval castles transposed to America."[14] Among other defensive structures (including forts and citadels), castles were also built in New France towards the end of the 17th century.[14] Where artillery was not as developed as on the battle-fields of Europe, some of Montreal's outlying forts were built like the fortified manor houses of France. Fort Longueuil, built from 1695–1698 by a baronial family, has been described as "the most medieval looking fort built in Canada".[14] The manor house and stables were within a fortified bailey, with a tall round turret in each corner. The "most substantial castle-like fort" near Montréal was Fort Senneville, built in 1692 with square towers connected by thick stone walls, as well as a fortified windmill.[14] Stone forts such as these served as defensive residences, as well as imposing structures to prevent Iroquois incursions.[14] To guard against artillery and gunfire, increasing use was made of earthen, brick and stone breastworks and this redoubts, such as the geometric fortresses of the 17th century French Marquis de Vauban. These soon replaced castles in Europe, and eventually castles in the Americas were superseded by bastions and forts.[13] [edit] Revival castles and the castle as a country house

Neuschwanstein - perhaps the most famous 19th century neo-romantic castle in the world. From the late 18th century to the early 20th century, as a manifestation of a romantic interest in the Medieval period, and as part of the broader Gothic Revival in architecture, many so-called castles were built. These Castles had no defensive purpose, but incorporated stylistic elements of earlier castles, such as castellation and towers. These features were personified in the Scottish Baronial style. Most of them were country houses. These revival or "mock" castles were particularly common in the British Isles, for example Belvoir Castle and Eastnor Castle. Edwin Lutyens' Castle Drogo was the last flicker of this movement in England. In Ireland, a considerable number of vast, complicated mock-castles were built, including Belfast Castle and Castle Oliver. Famous revival castles in other countries include Neuschwanstein in Germany, Miramare in Italy, and Castillo de Chapultepec in Mexico. [edit] See also • List of castles o List of Crusader castles o List of fictional castles • Alcázar (Spanish castles) • Chinese city wall (Chinese castle counterpart) • Kremlin (Russian castles) • Shiro (Japanese castles) o Gusuku (Okinawan castles) • Water castle [edit] Footnotes 1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Philip Wilkinson, Castles (Pocket Guides). Publisher: DK CHILDREN; Pocket edition (September 29, 1997). ISBN 0789420473. ISBN 978-0789420473 2. ^ Royal, Robert. The Pope's Army: 500 Years of the Papal Swiss Guard. Crossroads Publishing Co, 2006. 3. ^ Acta Sanctorum, quoted by GT Clark, Medieval Military Architecture 4. ^ Castle: Stephen Biesty's Cross-Sections. Dorling Kindersley Pub (T); 1st American edition (September 1994). ISBN 978-1564584670 5. ^ Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain (1995). The Cathedral Builders of the Middle Ages. Thames & Hudson Ltd, p. 121–126. ISBN 0500300526 ISBN 978-0500300527. 6. ^ a b Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain (1995). The Cathedral Builders of the Middle Ages. Thames & Hudson Ltd, p. 104. ISBN 0500300526 ISBN 978-0500300527. 7. ^ A Distant Mirror, Barbara Tuchman, p 11 8. ^ Beaumaris Castle, CADW guide, p 3 9. ^ Philip Wilkinson, Castles (Pocket Guides), p 92 10. ^ Oman, Art of War: the Middle Ages, p. c20 11. ^ See Clark, i. 384, and Oman, p. 533 12. ^ Although it should be noted that there are no true castles in the United States. 13. ^ a b René Chartrand, Spanish Main 1492–1800; Osprey Publishing 14. ^ a b c d e René Chartrand, French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763: Québec, Montréal, Louisbourg and New Orleans (Fortress 27); Osprey Publishing, March 20 2005. ISBN 9781841767147